記蟲見

以結構數、良影、民科呈，記蟲見於生物多樣研。

用

• 遇蟲欲書之（私記或研）
• 投觀於民科台（iNaturalist、BugGuide）
• 為域或境建系觀志
• 以地引標影記助生態調
• 始學察並記蟲之多樣

入

• 必：蟲見（野或近遇標本）
• 必：能近攝之相機或手機
• 可：GPS 器或開位服之手機
• 可：本或野志為書觀
• 可：手鏡（10x）為觀細
• 可：尺或幣為影之比例
• 可：iNaturalist 帳或同等民科台帳

行

一：記位、日、候

近蟲前捕脈絡。多種有境專及季動，故此元數與影同重。

Sighting Record — Context:
+--------------------+------------------------------------------+
| Field              | Record                                   |
+--------------------+------------------------------------------+
| Date               | Full date and time (e.g., 2026-06-15,    |
|                    | 14:30 local time)                        |
+--------------------+------------------------------------------+
| Location           | GPS coordinates if available; otherwise   |
|                    | describe precisely (e.g., "south bank of |
|                    | Elm Creek, 200m east of footbridge")     |
+--------------------+------------------------------------------+
| Elevation          | Meters above sea level if available       |
+--------------------+------------------------------------------+
| Weather            | Temperature (estimate is fine), cloud     |
|                    | cover, wind, recent rain                 |
+--------------------+------------------------------------------+
| Season phase       | Early spring, late spring, summer, early  |
|                    | autumn, late autumn, winter              |
+--------------------+------------------------------------------+

得：全脈絡記，含日、時、精位（宜 GPS 標）、觀時之候。

敗：無 GPS→以地標（路岔、建、水）述位，足以復址。候數不定→估溫域並注「陰」或「晴」，勿空欄。

二：記境與微境

記蟲於景中何處、即基質或構。

Habitat Recording:
+--------------------+------------------------------------------+
| Factor             | Record                                   |
+--------------------+------------------------------------------+
| Broad habitat      | Deciduous forest, grassland, wetland,    |
|                    | urban garden, riparian corridor, desert   |
+--------------------+------------------------------------------+
| Microhabitat       | Underside of leaf, bark crevice, flower   |
|                    | head, soil surface, under rock, on water  |
|                    | surface, in flight                       |
+--------------------+------------------------------------------+
| Substrate          | Specific plant species if known, dead     |
|                    | wood, dung, carrion, bare soil, rock     |
+--------------------+------------------------------------------+
| Plant association  | What plant is the insect on or near?     |
|                    | (host plant relationships are diagnostic) |
+--------------------+------------------------------------------+
| Light conditions   | Full sun, partial shade, deep shade       |
+--------------------+------------------------------------------+
| Moisture           | Dry, damp, wet, submerged margin          |
+--------------------+------------------------------------------+

得：境述置蟲於生態脈絡，含廣景與即微境。

敗：微境難述（如飛中蟲）→記所飛近或所落。書「飛於草上 1m」而非空。

三：攝以診品

良影為觀記最重之元。民科識幾全賴像質。

Photography Protocol:

Shots to take (in priority order):
1. DORSAL (top-down) — shows wing pattern, body shape, coloration
2. LATERAL (side view) — shows leg structure, body profile, antennae
3. FRONTAL (head-on) — shows eyes, mouthparts, antennae base
4. VENTRAL (underside) — if accessible, shows leg joints, abdominal pattern
5. SCALE REFERENCE — place a coin, ruler, or finger near the insect
   for size comparison (do not touch the insect)

Tips for quality macro photographs:
- Get as close as your camera allows while maintaining focus
- Use natural light; avoid flash if possible (causes glare and flattens detail)
- Shoot against a neutral background when feasible (leaf, paper, hand)
- Hold the camera parallel to the insect's body plane for maximum sharpness
- Take multiple shots at each angle — at least 3 per view
- If the insect is moving, use burst mode or continuous shooting
- Photograph the insect in situ first, then closer shots if it remains
- Include at least one photo showing the insect in its habitat context
- If wings are open, photograph quickly — the pattern may change when
  wings close (especially butterflies and dragonflies)

得：至少 3 可用影：背、側、含比例者。宜 5 以上含多角。

敗：蟲先動而未多角→先背（最多診訊）。一銳背勝多糊。蟲飛前未攝→即憑記繪體形並注色。

四：記行與互

行觀添影不能捕之生態值。

Behavioral Notes:
+--------------------+------------------------------------------+
| Category           | Record what you observe                  |
+--------------------+------------------------------------------+
| Activity           | Feeding, flying, resting, mating,        |
|                    | ovipositing (egg-laying), burrowing,     |
|                    | grooming, basking                        |
+--------------------+------------------------------------------+
| Movement           | Crawling, hovering, darting, undulating   |
|                    | flight, walking on water, jumping        |
+--------------------+------------------------------------------+
| Feeding            | What is it eating? Nectar, pollen, leaf   |
|                    | tissue, other insects, dung, sap?        |
+--------------------+------------------------------------------+
| Interactions       | Other insects nearby? Being predated?     |
|                    | Ants attending? Parasites visible?        |
+--------------------+------------------------------------------+
| Sound              | Buzzing, clicking, stridulation (wing or  |
|                    | leg rubbing)? Silent?                    |
+--------------------+------------------------------------------+
| Abundance          | Solitary individual, a few, many (swarm,  |
|                    | aggregation)?                            |
+--------------------+------------------------------------------+
| Duration           | How long did you observe?                 |
+--------------------+------------------------------------------+

得：至少 3 行觀記：動、行模、豐。

敗：遇蟲時短（落即飛）→記所觀並注時長。「落葉面，獨，近即飛，觀 5 秒」亦有用。

五：初識至目

不必識種。置蟲於目已大縮識並助民科評者。

Quick Key to Major Insect Orders:

1. Count the legs.
   - 6 legs → insect (proceed below)
   - 8 legs → arachnid (spider, tick, mite) — not an insect
   - More than 8 legs → myriapod (centipede, millipede) — not an insect
   - Wings but hard to count legs → likely insect; look at wings

2. Examine the wings.
   - Hard front wings (elytra) covering body → Coleoptera (beetles)
   - Scaly wings, often colorful → Lepidoptera (butterflies/moths)
   - Two wings + knob-like halteres → Diptera (flies)
   - Four membranous wings + narrow waist → Hymenoptera (bees/wasps/ants)
   - Half-leathery, half-membranous front wings → Hemiptera (true bugs)
   - Large, transparent wings + long abdomen → Odonata (dragonflies/damselflies)
   - Straight, narrow, leathery front wings → Orthoptera (grasshoppers/crickets)
   - No wings, laterally flattened, jumps → Siphonaptera (fleas)
   - No wings, pale body, in wood or soil → Isoptera (termites)

3. If unsure, note: "Order uncertain — resembles [description]"

得：初識至目（如「Coleoptera—甲」）或誠書「目不定」含體述。

敗：蟲不合任目→記體形、翅類、足數。台（iNaturalist）受「Insecta」為始，社群識者將細之。誠「未知」勝強猜。

六：呈於民科台

上見於可供專及社群識者驗並細識之台。

Submission Checklist for iNaturalist (or equivalent):

1. Upload photographs — start with the best dorsal shot
2. Set location — use the map pin or enter GPS coordinates
3. Set date and time of observation
4. Add initial identification (order or family if known; "Insecta" if not)
5. Add observation notes:
   - Habitat and microhabitat
   - Behavior observed
   - Approximate size
   - Any sounds produced
6. Mark as "wild" (not captive/cultivated)
7. Set location accuracy — use the uncertainty circle to reflect GPS precision
8. Submit and monitor for community identifications

Data Quality Tips:
- Observations with 3+ photos from different angles get identified faster
- Including habitat context in one photo helps remote identifiers
- Adding a size reference dramatically improves identification accuracy
- Responding to identifier questions speeds up the process
- "Research Grade" status requires 2+ agreeing identifications at species level

得：全觀呈於民科台，含影、位、日、初識，備社群評。

敗：野中無網→本存諸影與注以後上。多台受後補呈。無帳→存於私志—數仍有學值且可後上。

驗

• 近蟲前已記日、時、精位
• 候與境脈絡已書
• 至少 3 異角之影
• 至少一影含比例
• 行與動已注
• 已試初識至目（或誠書未知）
• 觀已呈於民科台或存於結構志

忌

• 近過速：多蟲速近則逃→緩動且勿投影於題→先遠攝後漸近
• 略境脈絡：白牆上之影失生態脈→常含至少一原境之影
• 賴單影：一像常不足以識→翅模、足構、觸角僅某角可見
• 忘比例：無比例 5mm 甲與 50mm 甲於影同形→常含幣、尺、或指
• 強識：投自信而誤之識於民科台→造雜於研→「Insecta」或「目未知」常受且勝誤屬或種
• 不記無：「乳草群無蟲觀」為調查之值缺數→記所查非僅所得

參

• identify-insect
• observe-insect-behavior
• collect-preserve-specimens
• survey-insect-population