Turborepo Workflow

This skill covers the build orchestration and remote caching patterns used in the Squareone monorepo.

Critical Rules

⚠️ ALWAYS use root-level pnpm scripts - Never run individual package scripts or call turbo directly (unless environment variables are pre-set in CI/CD).

Why This Matters

Only the root package.json scripts use the wrapper (scripts/turbo-wrapper.js) that enables remote caching with authentication.

Individual package.json scripts bypass the wrapper and remote caching, resulting in slower builds and missed cache hits.

Correct vs Incorrect Usage

✅ Correct

# Root script with filter (from repository root)
pnpm test --filter @lsst-sqre/squared

# Root scripts for all packages
pnpm build
pnpm lint
pnpm type-check
pnpm dev --filter squareone

❌ Wrong

# Individual package script (bypasses wrapper!)
cd packages/squared && pnpm test

# Direct turbo call without env vars (bypasses wrapper!)
turbo run test --filter @lsst-sqre/squared

# Running from package directory (bypasses wrapper!)
cd apps/squareone && pnpm dev

Exception: Direct Turbo Calls in CI/CD

Direct turbo calls are acceptable only when TURBO_API, TURBO_TOKEN, and TURBO_TEAM are already set as environment variables:

# In CI/CD pipelines with pre-set env vars
export TURBO_API="https://roundtable.lsst.cloud/turborepo-cache"
export TURBO_TOKEN="$SECRET_TOKEN"
export TURBO_TEAM="team_squareone"
turbo run build  # OK in this context

In Docker builds or CI/CD where these env vars are injected, direct turbo calls work because the wrapper script detects them first (Priority 1).

Common Commands

Build Commands

# Build all packages and apps
pnpm build

# Build specific package
pnpm build --filter @lsst-sqre/squared

# Build specific app
pnpm build --filter squareone

# Build with increased memory (if needed)
NODE_OPTIONS="--max_old_space_size=4096" pnpm build

Development Commands

# Start all dev servers
pnpm dev

# Start specific app dev server
pnpm dev --filter squareone

# Start specific package dev server
pnpm dev --filter @lsst-sqre/squared

Testing Commands

# Run all tests
pnpm test

# Run tests for specific package
pnpm test --filter @lsst-sqre/squared

# Run Storybook tests
pnpm test-storybook
pnpm test-storybook:watch
pnpm test-storybook --filter @lsst-sqre/squared

Quality Commands

# Run ESLint
pnpm lint
pnpm lint --filter squareone

# Run TypeScript type checking
pnpm type-check
pnpm type-check --filter @lsst-sqre/squared

# Format code with Prettier
pnpm format

Storybook Commands

# Start Storybook for all packages
pnpm storybook

# Start Storybook for specific package
pnpm storybook --filter @lsst-sqre/squared

# Build Storybook static site
pnpm build-storybook --filter squared

Filter Syntax

Turborepo's filter syntax allows targeting specific packages:

# By package name
pnpm build --filter @lsst-sqre/squared

# By app name (no scope prefix for apps)
pnpm dev --filter squareone

# Multiple filters
pnpm test --filter @lsst-sqre/squared --filter squareone

# Dependents (packages that depend on this)
pnpm build --filter ...@lsst-sqre/squared

# Dependencies (packages this depends on)
pnpm build --filter @lsst-sqre/squared...

Remote Cache Authentication

The monorepo uses a custom Turborepo cache server at https://roundtable.lsst.cloud/turborepo-cache for faster builds through remote caching.

See the complete documentation at docs/dev/remote-cache.rst.

Authentication Methods

The turbo-wrapper.js script checks for authentication in priority order:

1. Environment variables - TURBO_API, TURBO_TOKEN, TURBO_TEAM all set (CI/CD)
2. 1Password - .env.op file + op CLI available (secure local development)
3. Plain .env file - .env file present (local development without 1Password)
4. No authentication - Local cache only (external contributors)

Authentication Messages

When running commands, you'll see:

• ✅ 🔑 Using environment variables for Turborepo remote cache authentication
• ✅ 🔐 Using 1Password for Turborepo remote cache authentication
• ✅ 🔑 Using .env for Turborepo remote cache authentication
• ℹ️ ℹ️ Running Turborepo without remote cache (local cache only)

Setting Up Authentication

For 1Password Users

1. Create .env.op file from template:

   cp .env.op.example .env.op
   

2. Edit .env.op to reference your 1Password vault items

3. Install 1Password CLI:

   brew install 1password-cli
   

4. Sign in to 1Password:

   op signin lsstit.1password.com
   

For Plain .env Users

1. Create .env file from template:

   cp .env.example .env
   

2. Add your credentials to .env:

   TURBO_API=https://roundtable.lsst.cloud/turborepo-cache
   TURBO_TOKEN=your_token_here
   TURBO_TEAM=team_squareone
   

3. Never commit .env files - they're in .gitignore

Obtaining Access Tokens

1. Visit https://roundtable.lsst.cloud
2. Log in with your credentials
3. Navigate to the token management page
4. Create a new token with the write:turborepo scope
5. Store it securely in 1Password or .env file

Verifying Remote Cache

Cache Hit Messages

Look for these indicators in Turborepo output:

>>> FULL TURBO
>>> Remote caching enabled

@lsst-sqre/squared:build: cache hit, replaying output...
squareone:build: cache hit, replaying output...

Debug Mode

For detailed caching information:

TURBO_LOG_LEVEL=debug pnpm build

Troubleshooting

Remote Cache Not Working

Symptoms: No "Remote caching enabled" message, slow builds

Solutions:

1. Verify authentication message shows up
2. Check network connectivity to https://roundtable.lsst.cloud
3. Ensure token hasn't expired
4. Verify token has the write:turborepo scope
5. Try with TURBO_LOG_LEVEL=debug to see detailed logs
6. Verify credentials are correct in .env or .env.op

1Password CLI Not Found

Symptoms: Warning message about 1Password CLI not available

Solutions:

# Verify installation
op --version

# Install if needed
brew install 1password-cli

# Sign in
op signin lsstit.1password.com

Cache Poisoning / Stale Cache

Symptoms: Build failures or incorrect behavior despite clean checkout

Solutions:

# Force rebuild (ignore cache)
pnpm build --force

# Clear local turbo cache
rm -rf node_modules/.cache/turbo

# Clear all node_modules and reinstall
pnpm clean && pnpm install

Build Errors in Monorepo

Symptoms: Build fails with mysterious errors

Solutions:

1. Ensure you're using root-level scripts (not running from package directories)
2. Check that all dependencies are installed: pnpm install
3. Try a clean build: pnpm clean && pnpm build
4. Verify turbo.json configuration is correct
5. Check for circular dependencies

Package Not Building

Symptoms: Specific package fails to build or isn't found

Solutions:

# Verify package name is correct
ls packages/

# Check turbo.json for correct package name
cat turbo.json

# Try building just that package
pnpm build --filter @lsst-sqre/package-name

# Check package.json for valid build script
cat packages/package-name/package.json

Temporarily Disabling Remote Cache

Sometimes useful for testing local-only builds:

# Rename config files
mv .env .env.backup
mv .env.op .env.op.backup

# Or use build:local script (if available)
pnpm build:local

# Or call turbo directly (bypasses wrapper)
npx turbo build

Turborepo Configuration

The monorepo's build pipeline is configured in turbo.json:

{
  "pipeline": {
    "build": {
      "dependsOn": ["^build"],
      "outputs": [".next/**", "dist/**", "build/**"]
    },
    "test": {
      "dependsOn": ["build"],
      "outputs": ["coverage/**"]
    },
    "lint": {},
    "type-check": {}
  }
}

Understanding Pipeline

• build - Depends on dependencies' builds (^build), caches outputs
• test - Depends on build, caches coverage
• lint - No dependencies, can run in parallel
• type-check - No dependencies, can run in parallel

Cache Outputs

Turborepo caches specified output directories:

• .next/** - Next.js build output
• dist/** - Package build output
• build/** - Other build artifacts
• coverage/** - Test coverage reports

Package Dependencies

The monorepo has these package relationships:

@lsst-sqre/squared (component library)
├── @lsst-sqre/global-css (styles)
│   └── @lsst-sqre/rubin-style-dictionary (tokens)
├── @lsst-sqre/eslint-config
└── @lsst-sqre/tsconfig

squareone (Next.js app)
├── @lsst-sqre/squared
├── @lsst-sqre/global-css
└── @lsst-sqre/eslint-config

Building squared automatically builds its dependencies (global-css, rubin-style-dictionary).

CI/CD Integration

In CI/CD pipelines:

# GitHub Actions example
env:
  TURBO_API: ${{ secrets.TURBO_API }}
  TURBO_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.TURBO_TOKEN }}
  TURBO_TEAM: ${{ secrets.TURBO_TEAM }}

steps:
  - run: pnpm install
  - run: pnpm build  # Uses environment variables for remote cache
  - run: pnpm test

Environment variables take priority, so the wrapper automatically uses them without needing .env files.

Best Practices

1. Always run from repository root with filters
2. Use root-level pnpm scripts for all Turborepo commands
3. Never commit .env or .env.op files (in .gitignore)
4. Verify remote cache is working via authentication messages
5. Use filters to target specific packages for faster iteration
6. Check turbo.json when adding new scripts or packages
7. Clean caches if experiencing unexplained build issues
8. Document new scripts in root package.json with clear names

Performance Tips

# Increase Node.js memory for large builds
NODE_OPTIONS="--max_old_space_size=4096" pnpm build

# Parallel execution is automatic via Turborepo
# No need to manually parallelize

# Use filters to avoid unnecessary work
pnpm test --filter @lsst-sqre/squared  # Only test one package

# Remote cache dramatically speeds up CI/CD
# and switching branches

Common Patterns

After Pulling Changes

pnpm install  # Update dependencies
pnpm build    # Rebuild (uses remote cache if possible)

Before Committing

pnpm lint       # Check code style
pnpm type-check # Check TypeScript
pnpm test       # Run tests

Adding New Package

1. Create package in packages/ or apps/
2. Add to pnpm-workspace.yaml (usually automatic)
3. Add scripts to package's package.json
4. Update turbo.json if needed
5. Run pnpm install from root

Debugging Build Issues

# 1. Clean everything
pnpm clean

# 2. Reinstall dependencies
pnpm install

# 3. Build with debug logging
TURBO_LOG_LEVEL=debug pnpm build --force

# 4. Check specific package
pnpm build --filter @lsst-sqre/package-name --force

Related Documentation

• docs/dev/remote-cache.rst - Complete remote cache documentation
• scripts/turbo-wrapper.js - Wrapper script source code
• turbo.json - Pipeline configuration
• pnpm-workspace.yaml - Workspace configuration

Infrastructure

The Turborepo cache server is deployed as part of the Rubin Science Platform:

• URL: https://roundtable.lsst.cloud/turborepo-cache
• Authentication: Gafaelfawr tokens with write:turborepo scope
• Storage: Google Cloud Storage
• Documentation: See Phalanx turborepo-cache application docs

Components:

• turborepo-cache-proxy - Exchanges Gafaelfawr token for cache authentication
• turborepo-remote-cache - Cache server implementation
• Google Cloud Storage - Backend storage for artifacts