設 Compose 棧

配 Docker Compose 為多服應棧含庫、緩、工。

用

• 行網應含庫/緩→用
• 設多服開境→用
• 排背工於 API 旁→用
• 跨組需可重多服境→用

入

• 必：應服（語、口、入點）
• 必：所需輔服（庫、緩、隊等）
• 可：開 vs 產配
• 可：自服既 Dockerfile

行

一：定核棧

services:
  app:
    build:
      context: .
      dockerfile: Dockerfile
    ports:
      - "3000:3000"
    environment:
      DATABASE_URL: postgres://appuser:apppass@postgres:5432/appdb
      REDIS_URL: redis://redis:6379
    depends_on:
      postgres:
        condition: service_healthy
      redis:
        condition: service_started
    restart: unless-stopped

  postgres:
    image: postgres:16
    environment:
      POSTGRES_DB: appdb
      POSTGRES_USER: appuser
      POSTGRES_PASSWORD: apppass
    volumes:
      - pgdata:/var/lib/postgresql/data
    ports:
      - "5432:5432"
    healthcheck:
      test: ["CMD-SHELL", "pg_isready -U appuser -d appdb"]
      interval: 5s
      timeout: 5s
      retries: 5

  redis:
    image: redis:7-alpine
    ports:
      - "6379:6379"
    volumes:
      - redisdata:/data

volumes:
  pgdata:
  redisdata:

得：docker compose up 啟諸服、應待健庫。

二：加健察

健察使 depends_on 能用 condition: service_healthy：

services:
  postgres:
    healthcheck:
      test: ["CMD-SHELL", "pg_isready -U appuser -d appdb"]
      interval: 5s
      timeout: 5s
      retries: 5

  redis:
    healthcheck:
      test: ["CMD", "redis-cli", "ping"]
      interval: 5s
      timeout: 3s
      retries: 5

  app:
    healthcheck:
      test: ["CMD", "curl", "-f", "http://localhost:3000/health"]
      interval: 10s
      timeout: 5s
      retries: 3
      start_period: 10s

三：配網

services:
  app:
    networks:
      - frontend
      - backend

  postgres:
    networks:
      - backend

  nginx:
    networks:
      - frontend
    ports:
      - "80:80"

networks:
  frontend:
    driver: bridge
  backend:
    driver: bridge

此隔庫於直外達、應跨兩網。

四：管環變

建 .env（git 忽）：

POSTGRES_PASSWORD=secure_password_here
APP_SECRET=your_secret_key

於 compose 用：

services:
  postgres:
    environment:
      POSTGRES_PASSWORD: ${POSTGRES_PASSWORD}
  app:
    env_file:
      - .env

建 .env.example（提至 git）：

POSTGRES_PASSWORD=changeme
APP_SECRET=changeme

五：加工服

services:
  worker:
    build:
      context: .
      dockerfile: Dockerfile
    command: ["node", "src/worker.js"]
    environment:
      DATABASE_URL: postgres://appuser:apppass@postgres:5432/appdb
      REDIS_URL: redis://redis:6379
    depends_on:
      postgres:
        condition: service_healthy
      redis:
        condition: service_started
    restart: unless-stopped
    deploy:
      replicas: 2

六：用組為可選服

services:
  app:
    build: .

  mailhog:
    image: mailhog/mailhog
    ports:
      - "8025:8025"
    profiles:
      - dev

  adminer:
    image: adminer
    ports:
      - "8080:8080"
    profiles:
      - dev

# Start core services only
docker compose up

# Start with dev tools
docker compose --profile dev up

七：建覆為開

docker-compose.override.yml 自合：

services:
  app:
    build:
      target: dev
    volumes:
      - .:/app
      - /app/node_modules
    environment:
      NODE_ENV: development
      DEBUG: "app:*"
    command: ["npm", "run", "dev"]

八：建行

docker compose build

docker compose up -d

docker compose logs -f app

docker compose ps

docker compose down

docker compose down -v

得：諸服啟、健察過、應連庫與緩。

敗：察 docker compose logs <service>。常題：口衝、缺環變、健察超時。

驗

• docker compose up 啟諸服無誤
• 庫與緩健察過
• 應連諸依服
• 名卷跨啟保資
• .env git 忽、.env.example 提
• docker compose down 潔停諸
• 組分開工於產服

忌

• 無健察：depends_on 無 condition: service_healthy 僅待容啟、非備
• 硬碼密於 compose：用 .env 或 Docker secrets。永勿提密
• 卷掛覆：掛 .:/app 覆像內 node_modules。用匿卷：/app/node_modules
• 口衝：察 docker compose ps 與 lsof -i :<port> 衝
• version: 鍵：Compose V2 忽 version:。今設略之
• WSL 徑問題：自 WSL 掛 Windows 目用 /mnt/c/...

參

• setup-docker-compose
• create-dockerfile
• create-multistage-dockerfile
• configure-nginx