Catalog Collection

以標準分類系統與描述編目法編錄並類分圖書或檔案資料。

適用時機

• 自頭組個人、機構或社區圖書館
• 為新入館書指派分類號與主題詞
• 為可尋性創一致之目錄記錄
• 為既有系統已不敷之館藏重類
• 為作者、叢書、主題立權威控制

輸入

• 必要：欲編之資料（書、連續刊、媒、檔案）
• 必要：所擇分類系統（Dewey Decimal 或 Library of Congress）
• 選擇性：既有目錄或清冊以整合
• 選擇性：主題詞權威（LCSH、Sears、或自訂辭典）
• 選擇性：MARC 相容之編目軟體（Koha、Evergreen、LibraryThing）

步驟

步驟一：擇分類系統

擇合館藏之大、範、眾之系統。

Classification System Comparison:
+----------------------------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| Criterion                  | Dewey Decimal (DDC)           | Library of Congress (LCC)     |
+----------------------------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| Best for                   | Public/school libraries,      | Academic/research libraries,  |
|                            | personal collections <10K     | collections >10K volumes      |
+----------------------------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| Structure                  | 10 main classes (000-999),    | 21 letter classes (A-Z),      |
|                            | decimal subdivision           | alphanumeric subdivision      |
+----------------------------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| Granularity                | Broad at top levels,          | Very specific; designed for   |
|                            | expandable via decimals       | research-level distinction    |
+----------------------------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| Learning curve             | Moderate — intuitive          | Steeper — requires schedules  |
|                            | decimal logic                 | and tables                    |
+----------------------------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| Browsability               | Excellent for general         | Excellent for subject-deep    |
|                            | browsing                      | collections                   |
+----------------------------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+

Decision Rule:
- Personal or small community library: DDC
- Academic, research, or large institutional: LCC
- Mixed or uncertain: Start with DDC; migrate to LCC if collection exceeds 10K

預期： 擇合館藏規模與旨之分類系統。

失敗時： 若二系統皆不合（如高度專之檔案），考慮刻面分類或自訂方案，而錄其映至 DDC 或 LCC 以互用。

步驟二：行描述編目

為每件循標準實務創書目描述。

Descriptive Cataloging Elements (RDA-aligned):
1. TITLE AND STATEMENT OF RESPONSIBILITY
   - Title proper (exactly as on title page)
   - Subtitle (if present)
   - Statement of responsibility (author, editor, translator)

2. EDITION
   - Edition statement ("2nd ed.", "Rev. ed.")

3. PUBLICATION INFORMATION
   - Place of publication
   - Publisher name
   - Date of publication

4. PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION
   - Extent (pages, volumes, running time)
   - Dimensions (cm for books)
   - Accompanying material (CD, maps)

5. SERIES
   - Series title and numbering

6. NOTES
   - Bibliography, index, language notes
   - Special features or provenance

7. STANDARD IDENTIFIERS
   - ISBN, ISSN, LCCN, OCLC number

Cataloging Principle: Describe what you see.
Take information from the item itself (title page first,
then cover, colophon, verso). Do not guess or embellish.

預期： 每件有一致之書目記錄，詳足以獨辨與發現。

失敗時： 若出版信息缺（舊或自出版常見），以方括示所補信息：[ca. 1920]、[s.l.]（無地）、[s.n.]（無出版者）。

步驟三：指派主題詞

用受控詞以便使用者按題尋資。

Subject Heading Sources:
+------------------------------+------------------------------------------+
| Authority                    | Use For                                  |
+------------------------------+------------------------------------------+
| LCSH (Library of Congress    | General and academic collections.        |
| Subject Headings)            | Most widely used worldwide.              |
+------------------------------+------------------------------------------+
| Sears List of Subject        | Small public and school libraries.       |
| Headings                     | Simpler vocabulary than LCSH.            |
+------------------------------+------------------------------------------+
| MeSH (Medical Subject        | Medical and health science collections.  |
| Headings)                    |                                          |
+------------------------------+------------------------------------------+
| Custom thesaurus             | Specialized archives or corporate        |
|                              | collections with domain-specific terms.  |
+------------------------------+------------------------------------------+

Assignment Rules:
1. Assign 1-3 subject headings per item (more is noise, fewer is loss)
2. Use the most specific heading available (not "Science" when
   "Marine Biology" exists)
3. Apply subdivisions where helpful:
   - Topical: "Cooking--Italian"
   - Geographic: "Architecture--France--Paris"
   - Chronological: "Art--20th century"
   - Form: "Poetry--Collections"
4. Check authority files for preferred forms before creating new headings
5. Be consistent: if you use "Automobiles" don't also use "Cars" as a heading

預期： 每件具一至三來自受控詞之主題詞，於全館一致施之。

失敗時： 若權威中無合主題詞，創本地詞並錄於本地權威檔。定期審以對主權威齊。

步驟四：指派分類號

以所擇分類系統建架上之位址。

Dewey Decimal Call Number Construction:
1. Main class number (3 digits minimum): 641.5
2. Add Cutter number for author: .S65 (Smith)
3. Add date for editions: 2023
   Result: 641.5 S65 2023

DDC Main Classes:
  000 - Computer Science, Information
  100 - Philosophy, Psychology
  200 - Religion
  300 - Social Sciences
  400 - Language
  500 - Science
  600 - Technology
  700 - Arts, Recreation
  800 - Literature
  900 - History, Geography

LCC Call Number Construction:
1. Class letter(s): QA (Mathematics)
2. Subclass number: 76.73 (Programming languages)
3. Cutter for specific topic: .P98 (Python)
4. Date: 2023
   Result: QA76.73.P98 2023

Shelving Rule: Call numbers sort left-to-right,
segment by segment. Numbers sort numerically,
letters sort alphabetically, Cutters sort as decimals.

預期： 每件具一唯一之分類號，以定其架位。

失敗時： 若二件生同分類號，加作品標記（書名之首字母，略冠詞）或副本號以辨之。

步驟五：創或更目錄記錄

將所編信息入目錄系統。

Minimum Viable Catalog Record:
+-----------------+----------------------------------------------+
| Field           | Example                                      |
+-----------------+----------------------------------------------+
| Call Number     | 641.5 S65 2023                               |
| Title           | The Joy of Cooking                           |
| Author          | Smith, Jane                                  |
| Edition         | 9th ed.                                      |
| Publisher       | New York : Scribner, 2023                    |
| Physical Desc.  | xii, 1200 p. : ill. ; 26 cm                 |
| ISBN            | 978-1-5011-6971-7                            |
| Subjects        | Cooking, American                            |
|                 | Cookbooks                                    |
| Status          | Available                                    |
| Location        | Main Stacks                                  |
+-----------------+----------------------------------------------+

If using MARC format:
- 245 $a Title $c Statement of responsibility
- 100 $a Author (personal name)
- 050 $a LCC call number
- 082 $a DDC call number
- 650 $a Subject headings
- 020 $a ISBN

Copy cataloging: Check OCLC WorldCat or your library system's
shared database before creating original records. Someone has
likely already cataloged the same edition.

預期： 每件於系統中有一目錄記錄，諸必要欄已填。記錄可按作者、書名、主題、分類號尋。

失敗時： 若無編目軟體可用，具一致列頭（合上欄）之結構化試算表可為功能目錄。有軟體時遷入之。

步驟六：組架

依分類號置資料。

Shelf Organization Principles:
1. Left to right, top to bottom (like reading a page)
2. Call numbers in strict sort order:
   - DDC: 000 → 999, then Cutter alphabetically
   - LCC: A → Z, then number, then Cutter
3. Spine labels: print or write call number on spine label
   (white label, black text, 3 lines max)
4. Shelf markers: place dividers at major class boundaries
   (every 100 in DDC, every letter in LCC)
5. Shifting: leave 20-30% empty space per shelf for growth
6. Oversize: shelve items taller than 30cm in a separate
   oversize section, with "+q" prefix on call number

Shelf Reading (periodic verification):
- Walk the stacks weekly
- Check that items are in correct call number order
- Reshelve any misplaced items
- Note damaged items for repair or replacement

預期： 資料按分類號置，附明脊標與生長空間。

失敗時： 若空不足，先置高流通品於易取之架，將低用品移至緊密庫存，於目錄記錄記位變。

驗證

• 分類系統已擇且已錄
• 諸件皆已完描述編目，含題、作者、出版
• 自受控詞指派主題詞（每件一至三）
• 每件已指派且唯一之分類號
• 目錄記錄於系統或試算表已創
• 實體資料按分類號排架，附脊標
• 立權威控制以求名與主題一致

常見陷阱

• 詞不一致：同時用「二次世界大戰，1939-1945」與「二戰」敗受控詞之旨。擇一權威而守之
• 過分類：於小個人館施十五位 DDC 號加繁而無益。令粒度合館大
• 忽復製編目：複記錄既存而創原記錄費時。恆先查共享庫
• 忽脊標：無脊標之已編書將誤架。編目後即標
• 無生長空：架塞滿致每新入需連動。留餘地

相關技能

• preserve-materials — 編目資料之保存以維其態
• curate-collection — 決定何物入編之收藏發展
• manage-memory — 組持久知識庫（實體編目之數位平行）