育菌

家培食菌、藥菌：自種至實。

用

• 欲食菌而避野採之險
• 室內外有適地
• 欲試諸種與基
• 須恆有鮮菌（食/藥）
• 探菌絲生態

入

• 必：菌種（穀種、屑種、栓種，自良源）
• 必：基料（稈、硬木屑、原木、補屑）
• 可：壓鍋（殺/巴）
• 可：器皿（袋、桶、原木）
• 可：噴瓶+濕度計
• 可：溫度計

行

一：擇種

依環境+經驗：

Beginner-Friendly Species:
+--------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+
| Species            | Substrate        | Temperature      | Difficulty       |
+--------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+
| Oyster mushroom    | Straw, coffee    | 15-24C (60-75F)  | Very easy        |
| (Pleurotus spp.)   | grounds, sawdust |                  | (most forgiving) |
+--------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+
| Shiitake           | Hardwood logs    | 13-21C (55-70F)  | Easy             |
| (Lentinula edodes) | or sawdust blocks|                  | (outdoor logs)   |
+--------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+
| Lion's mane        | Hardwood sawdust | 18-24C (65-75F)  | Moderate         |
| (Hericium          | (supplemented)   |                  | (needs humidity) |
| erinaceus)         |                  |                  |                  |
+--------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+
| Wine cap           | Wood chips,      | 10-27C (50-80F)  | Easy             |
| (Stropharia        | straw mulch      |                  | (outdoor beds)   |
| rugosoannulata)    | (outdoor beds)   |                  |                  |
+--------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+

Start with oyster mushrooms — they colonize fast, fruit reliably,
and tolerate imperfect conditions.

得： 種合環境、基料、經驗。

敗： 不定→始用藍平菇（Pleurotus ostreatus）+ 稈，最寬。

二：備基

基乃菌絲之糧，須潔以勝雜：

Substrate Preparation Methods:

PASTEURIZATION (for straw — easiest):
1. Chop straw to 2-4 inch lengths
2. Submerge in hot water (65-80C / 150-175F) for 60-90 minutes
3. Drain thoroughly — substrate should be moist but not dripping
   (squeeze test: a firm squeeze produces a few drops, not a stream)
4. Cool to below 30C (85F) before inoculation

STERILIZATION (for supplemented sawdust — more reliable):
1. Mix hardwood sawdust with 10-20% wheat bran or soy hull
2. Hydrate to 60-65% moisture content
3. Fill into autoclavable bags with filter patches
4. Pressure cook at 15 PSI for 90-120 minutes
5. Cool completely before inoculation (overnight is safest)

COLD WATER LIME BATH (alternative pasteurization):
1. Dissolve hydrated lime (calcium hydroxide) in cold water
   (approximately 1 cup per 50 gallons)
2. pH should reach 12+ (kills competitors without heat)
3. Soak straw for 12-18 hours
4. Drain and let excess water drip for 2-4 hours
5. pH will neutralize as the straw dries

得： 基潔（巴/殺）、濕適、回常溫。

敗： 接後生雜（首週現綠霉）→巴未足或環不潔→重始嚴巴。

三：接種

引種入基：

Inoculation Protocol:
1. Work in a clean environment: wash hands, clean surfaces, minimize airflow
   (still air is better than a breeze carrying contaminants)
2. Spawn rate: 10-20% spawn by weight relative to wet substrate
   (more spawn = faster colonization = less contamination risk)
3. Mix spawn thoroughly into the substrate (for bags/buckets)
   OR layer spawn between substrate layers
4. Pack into growing container:
   - Grow bags: fill loosely, fold and clip top
   - 5-gallon buckets: drill 1/2" holes in sides (every 6 inches),
     fill with inoculated substrate, cap loosely
   - Logs: drill holes, insert plug spawn, seal with wax
5. Label with species, date, and substrate type

Hygiene Priorities:
- Clean hands and surfaces
- Minimize time substrate is exposed to open air
- Work quickly and confidently
- If you touch a contaminated surface, re-clean before continuing

得： 種勻散基中、置潔器、待孵。

敗： 7-10 日不見白絲→查溫（冷則緩）、濕（乾則阻）、種活否（陳種或熱損即死）。

四：孵

絲行於基中：

Incubation Conditions:
+--------------------+------------------------------------------+
| Parameter          | Target                                   |
+--------------------+------------------------------------------+
| Temperature        | Species-specific (generally 20-25C /     |
|                    | 68-77F for most species)                 |
+--------------------+------------------------------------------+
| Light              | Dark or dim — direct light not needed    |
|                    | during colonization                      |
+--------------------+------------------------------------------+
| Air exchange       | Minimal — CO2 buildup is acceptable      |
|                    | during colonization (loose lid is enough)|
+--------------------+------------------------------------------+
| Duration           | 2-4 weeks (until substrate is fully      |
|                    | white with mycelium)                     |
+--------------------+------------------------------------------+
| Monitoring         | Check every 3-4 days for contamination   |
|                    | (green, black, orange, or pink mold)     |
+--------------------+------------------------------------------+

Contamination Response:
- Green mold (Trichoderma): most common competitor. If localized and
  small, remove the contaminated area. If widespread, discard the
  entire block/bag — Trichoderma wins once established.
- Black mold: discard immediately. Do not open indoors.
- Orange/pink: bacterial contamination from wet substrate. Discard.

得： 全行—基均白絲、有菌香。

敗： 半行+雜→敗賽→重始：增種率、嚴巴、淨技。

五：起實

引由生長轉實：

Fruiting Triggers:
1. Fresh air: increase air exchange (open container, fan nearby)
2. Light: indirect light for 12 hours/day (any spectrum works)
3. Temperature drop: reduce by 5-10C from incubation temperature
4. Humidity: maintain 85-95% relative humidity
   - Mist 2-3 times daily
   - Or use a fruiting chamber (plastic tub with perlite floor)
5. For bags: cut X-shaped slits where you want mushrooms to emerge
   For buckets: mushrooms emerge from the drilled holes

Fruiting Chamber (Simple SGFC — Shotgun Fruiting Chamber):
- Large plastic storage tub (50-100L)
- Drill 1/4" holes every 2 inches on all 6 sides (including bottom and lid)
- 4-5 inch layer of wet perlite on the bottom
- Place colonized blocks/bags on a wire rack above the perlite
- Mist walls 2-3 times daily
- Fan fresh air in by waving the lid 2-3 times daily

得： 5-14 日內現原基（小針）。

敗： 兩週無針→查濕（最常因乾）、光（某種須光起針）、溫（過暖延針）。

六：採與續潮

Harvest Timing:
- Harvest just before or as the cap edges begin to flatten or turn upward
- For oysters: when the cap edges are still slightly curled downward
- For shiitake: when the cap is 70-80% open (partial veil still intact)
- For lion's mane: when spines are 0.5-1 cm long and still firm

Harvest Technique:
- Twist and pull gently at the base (preferred for most species)
- Or cut with a clean knife at the substrate surface
- Do not leave stumps that can rot and attract contamination

Successive Flushes:
- After harvesting, soak the block/bag in cold water for 12-24 hours
  (rehydration triggers the next flush)
- Return to fruiting conditions
- Expect 2-4 flushes, each smaller than the last
- Total yield: approximately 25-50% of wet substrate weight
  for oyster mushrooms over all flushes

得： 適時採鮮、續潮延產。

敗： 產微（小稀）→基耗或染→補基產豐。潮間現雜→塊命已盡→堆肥。

驗

• 種合環境與經驗
• 基經巴或殺
• 種率 10-20%（重）
• 接以淨技
• 全行後乃起實
• 實境（濕、溫、氣、光）保
• 適時採
• 續潮以再潤

忌

• 巴未足：敗之首因→首週現雜即此
• 種少：率低則行緩、雜得乘隙→守 10-20%
• 實時濕低：菌九成水、氣乾則原基夭→實時 < 80% 太低
• 無新氣：CO2 高生長莖小蓋→莖長則增氣
• 採遲：過熟散孢、儲短→宜早採
• 染慌：小斑非必死→隔離、除染、察、惟蔓延乃棄

參

• fungi-identification
• prepare-soil