管 Git 支

造、追、換、同、清諸支循一致命約。

用

• 啟新功或錯修工
• 於異支間切任
• 保功支與 main 同
• PR 合後清支
• 列並察支

入

• 必：至少一提交之庫
• 可：支命約（默 type/description）
• 可：新支之基支（默 main）
• 可：遠名（默 origin）

行

一：造功支

用一致命約：

前綴	目	例
feature/	新功	feature/add-weighted-mean
fix/	錯修	fix/null-pointer-in-parser
docs/	文	docs/update-api-reference
refactor/	重構	refactor/extract-validation
chore/	維護	chore/update-dependencies
test/	測	test/add-edge-case-coverage

# Create and switch to a new branch from main
git checkout -b feature/add-weighted-mean main

# Or using the newer switch command
git switch -c feature/add-weighted-mean main

得：新支造並檢出。git branch 示新支附星。

敗：基支於本無→先取：git fetch origin main && git checkout -b feature/name origin/main。

二：追遠支

首推新支時立追：

# Push and set upstream tracking
git push -u origin feature/add-weighted-mean

# Check tracking relationship
git branch -vv

檢出他人造之遠支：

git fetch origin
git checkout feature/their-branch
# Git auto-creates a local tracking branch

得：本支追對應遠支。git branch -vv 示上游。

敗：自動追敗→手設：git branch --set-upstream-to=origin/feature/name feature/name。

三：安換支

換前確工樹淨：

# Check for uncommitted changes
git status

有變→或提或藏：

# Option 1: Commit work in progress
git add <files>
git commit -m "wip: save progress on validation logic"

# Option 2: Stash changes temporarily
git stash push -m "validation work in progress"

# Switch branches
git checkout main

# Later, restore stashed changes
git checkout feature/add-weighted-mean
git stash pop

列並管藏：

# List all stashes
git stash list

# Apply a specific stash (without removing it)
git stash apply stash@{1}

# Drop a stash
git stash drop stash@{0}

得：換成。工樹反目支態。藏可恢。

敗：換受未提變阻（會覆）→先藏或提。git stash 不能藏未追文件除非用 git stash push -u。

四：與上游同

保功支與基支同：

# Fetch latest changes
git fetch origin

# Rebase onto latest main (preferred — keeps linear history)
git rebase origin/main

# Or merge main into your branch (creates merge commit)
git merge origin/main

得：支含 main 之新變。無衝或衝已解（見 resolve-git-conflicts）。

敗：重定基生衝→解各並 git rebase --continue。衝過複→以 git rebase --abort 棄並試 git merge origin/main。

五：清已合支

PR 合後除陳支：

# Delete a local branch that has been merged
git branch -d feature/add-weighted-mean

# Delete a local branch (force, even if not merged)
git branch -D feature/abandoned-experiment

# Delete a remote branch
git push origin --delete feature/add-weighted-mean

# Prune remote-tracking references for deleted remote branches
git fetch --prune

得：已合支本地與遠除。git branch 僅示活支。

敗：git branch -d 拒刪未合支。若 GitHub 以擠合→Git 或不識為已合。若確工已保→用 git branch -D。

六：列並察支

# List local branches
git branch

# List all branches (local and remote)
git branch -a

# List branches with last commit info
git branch -v

# List branches merged into main
git branch --merged main

# List branches NOT yet merged
git branch --no-merged main

# See which remote branch each local branch tracks
git branch -vv

得：諸支之明視、其態、追關係。

敗：遠支似陳→運 git fetch --prune 清除已刪遠支之引。

驗

• 支名循約
• 功支由正基支造
• 本支追其遠對應
• 已合支清（本與遠）
• 換支前工樹淨
• 藏變無孤留

忌

• 直工 main：必造功支。直提 main 難造 PR 與協作
• 分支前忘取：由陳本 main 造支→始落。必先 git fetch origin
• 長命支：持週之功支積合衝。常同並保短命
• 孤藏：git stash 乃臨存。勿賴之為長期工。改提或分支
• 刪未合工：git branch -D 為毀。強刪前以 git log branch-name 複核
• 不剪：GitHub 已刪遠支於本地仍現至運 git fetch --prune

參

• commit-changes - 支上工提交
• create-pull-request - 由功支開 PR
• resolve-git-conflicts - 同時處衝
• configure-git-repository - 庫設與支策