矯行之術

解犬之不欲行，以脫敏、反條件、境之管理。

用時

• 犬見他犬、他人或刺激而反應（撲、吠、吼）
• 分離之憂成毀行、號叫、於家排遺
• 守資：食或持物時，被近即僵、吼、或咬
• 吠、撲、拉繩等干擾日常之行
• 基令已立後——矯行之法建於基令

入

• 必要：具體不欲之行（非「犬為惡」，乃「犬見他犬於繩上撲之」）
• 必要：犬之閾距或觸級（近何程度或強何程度即發行）
• 可選：行之歷（何時始，何觸之，何益之）
• 可選：高值之餌——犬微壓時仍食者
• 可選：獸醫之清（排除疼痛或醫因致行變）

法

第一步：識而定其行

精確要緊——泛描致泛施。

Behavior Analysis (ABC Model):
+-------------+------------------------------------------+
| Component   | Define Specifically                      |
+-------------+------------------------------------------+
| Antecedent  | What happens BEFORE the behavior?        |
| (Trigger)   | e.g., "sees another dog within 30 feet"  |
+-------------+------------------------------------------+
| Behavior    | What EXACTLY does the dog do?             |
|             | e.g., "stiffens, stares, then lunges and |
|             | barks"                                   |
+-------------+------------------------------------------+
| Consequence | What happens AFTER the behavior?          |
|             | e.g., "owner pulls the dog away; the     |
|             | other dog leaves" (behavior is reinforced |
|             | because the trigger goes away)           |
+-------------+------------------------------------------+

Threshold Mapping:
- At what distance/intensity does the dog first notice the trigger? (alert)
- At what distance/intensity does the dog become unable to take treats? (over threshold)
- The working zone is BELOW threshold — where the dog notices but can still think

得： 精確之行定，含觸、閾距、當前果之模式。

敗則： 若行無一致之觸，記日誌一週：日、時、境、行、果。當場難見之模式常現。

第二步：選介入之略

Strategy Selection:
+----------------------------+-----------------------------------+-----------------+
| Behavior                   | Primary Strategy                  | Timeline        |
+----------------------------+-----------------------------------+-----------------+
| Reactivity (dogs/people)   | Desensitization + counter-        | 4-12 weeks      |
|                            | conditioning (DS/CC)              |                 |
+----------------------------+-----------------------------------+-----------------+
| Separation anxiety         | Graduated absence protocol +      | 6-16 weeks      |
|                            | management                        |                 |
+----------------------------+-----------------------------------+-----------------+
| Resource guarding          | Trade-up protocol +               | 4-8 weeks       |
|                            | approach desensitization          |                 |
+----------------------------+-----------------------------------+-----------------+
| Excessive barking          | Identify function → teach         | 2-6 weeks       |
|                            | alternative behavior              |                 |
+----------------------------+-----------------------------------+-----------------+
| Leash pulling              | Penalty yards (stop when          | 2-4 weeks       |
|                            | pulling) + reward position        |                 |
+----------------------------+-----------------------------------+-----------------+

得： 為所識之行，已選具體之略。

敗則： 行甚重（咬而觸、極恐、自傷），宜薦認證應用動物行為家（CAAB）或獸醫行為家（DACVB）。此技涵中行題，非臨床例。

第三步：行脫敏與反條件

反應與恐懼類行之核法。

DS/CC Protocol:
1. FIND the threshold: position the dog where the trigger is visible
   but the dog is still calm enough to eat treats

2. MARK and TREAT: trigger appears → mark → treat → treat → treat
   (classical conditioning: trigger predicts good things)

3. CRITERIA: the dog should be:
   - Able to eat treats
   - Ears relaxed or neutral (not pinned forward)
   - Loose body posture
   - Able to look at the trigger and then look back at the handler

4. DECREASE DISTANCE gradually:
   Session 1: 50 feet from trigger
   Session 3: 45 feet
   Session 5: 40 feet
   (Only decrease when the dog is consistently relaxed at current distance)

5. SESSION STRUCTURE:
   - 5-15 minutes maximum
   - 3-5 trigger exposures per session
   - End BEFORE the dog goes over threshold
   - If the dog goes over threshold, increase distance immediately
     and end on a calmer note

6. PROGRESS INDICATORS:
   - Dog looks at trigger, then immediately looks at handler ("check-in")
   - Dog's threshold distance decreases over sessions
   - Recovery time after exposure shortens
   - Dog's body language at threshold becomes more relaxed

得： 歷週，犬之閾距減，對觸之情應由懼或敵轉為中或正。

敗則： 三四週穩練而無進，重察：（一）於閾下行否？（二）賞值足高否？（三）訓外對觸過頻（洪水法毀 DS/CC）否？（四）請專家議之。

第四步：管其境

訓以時改行。管止其當前重演。

Management Strategies:
+----------------------------+------------------------------------------+
| Behavior                   | Management During Training Period        |
+----------------------------+------------------------------------------+
| Dog reactivity             | Walk at off-peak hours; cross the street |
|                            | when another dog approaches; use visual  |
|                            | barriers (parked cars, bushes)           |
+----------------------------+------------------------------------------+
| Separation anxiety         | Do not leave the dog alone beyond their  |
|                            | current tolerance; use daycare, pet      |
|                            | sitter, or take the dog with you         |
+----------------------------+------------------------------------------+
| Resource guarding          | Do not approach while eating; trade up   |
|                            | from a distance; manage access to        |
|                            | high-value items                         |
+----------------------------+------------------------------------------+
| Excessive barking          | Block visual triggers (frosted window    |
|                            | film); provide enrichment; address       |
|                            | underlying cause (boredom, anxiety)      |
+----------------------------+------------------------------------------+

Every rehearsal of the unwanted behavior strengthens it.
Management prevents rehearsal while training builds the new response.

得： 不欲之行不復於控訓之外重演。

敗則： 若管不可（如不能避一切犬遇），減訓之準以合實。某境之露不可免；宜使訓會供足強反經驗。

驗

• 以 ABC 模精定其行
• DS/CC 始前已識閾距
• 訓恆於閾下行
• 賞值足高，犬於觸在時能食之
• 會五至十五分，終於犬未逾閾
• 境之管止訓外行之重演
• 進之兆（check-in、閾距減）有跡

陷

• 逾閾而作：最常之誤。若犬不能食餌，汝太近。退後
• 不恆：DS/CC 須恆會（每週三至五會）。零練得零果
• 洪水法：強犬於近距受觸，非令習之——乃傷之益劇
• 罰：正反應之犬（繩擊、斥「不」）抑其警兆而增底情。犬學不警而咬
• 望直進：矯行有平台與回退。一會之敗不抹前進。宏觀而視週之趨
• 忽醫因：痛、甲狀腺病、神經症皆可似行題。行突變者，獸醫之清非可選

參

• basic-obedience — 基令乃矯行所建之基；可靠之召於安全為要