Design Sprint Framework

A five-day process for answering critical business questions through design, prototyping, and testing ideas with customers. Developed at Google Ventures and used by Google, Slack, Airbnb, and hundreds of startups.

Core Principle

Great solutions require both deep work and fast iteration. The Design Sprint compresses months of debate, design, and testing into a single week, creating focus and urgency that eliminates endless discussion.

The foundation: Traditional product development wastes months building the wrong thing. Design Sprints de-risk product decisions by testing with real users before writing production code.

Scoring

Goal: 10/10. When planning or executing a Design Sprint, rate it 0-10 based on adherence to the principles below. A 10/10 means proper structure, time-boxing, prototyping, and user testing; lower scores indicate skipping steps or insufficient testing. Always provide the current score and specific improvements needed to reach 10/10.

The 5-Day Sprint Process

Monday → Tuesday → Wednesday → Thursday → Friday
  Map      Sketch     Decide      Prototype    Test

Prerequisites:

• Big challenge: Important problem worth a week's focus
• Right team: Decision maker + 4-7 people with diverse expertise
• Time commitment: 5 full days (10am-5pm), no interruptions
• Space: Dedicated room with whiteboards

Sprint Master: One person facilitates, keeps time, manages energy.

Monday: Map

Goal: Understand the problem and choose a target for the week.

Morning: Start at the End

Exercise: Long-term goal

• Write the sprint question: "What do we want to be true in 2 years?"
• Example: "Customers use our product daily" or "We've captured 20% market share"

Exercise: Sprint questions

• List obstacles and unknowns as questions
• Example: "Will customers trust us with payment info?" or "Can first-time users figure out the interface?"

Format: Write on whiteboard, entire team contributes

Afternoon: Map the Challenge

Exercise: Map the customer journey

1. List actors (different types of customers/users)
2. Draw the journey from start to finish (left to right on whiteboard)
3. Keep it simple: 5-15 steps max
4. Example: "Hears about product → Visits site → Signs up → First use → Becomes regular user"

Exercise: Ask the Experts

• Interview team members with specialized knowledge
• CEO, designer, engineer, customer support, sales
• Take detailed notes on whiteboard
• Capture "How Might We" notes (HMW)

Exercise: How Might We (HMW) notes

• Rephrase problems as opportunities
• "Customers don't understand pricing" → HMW make pricing immediately clear?
• Write each HMW on a sticky note
• Vote on best HMWs, organize on map

End of Day: Pick a Target

Exercise: Choose the target

• Which part of the map (customer journey) will you focus on?
• Where's the biggest risk or opportunity?
• Example: "We'll focus on the first 10 minutes after signup"

Decider: The person with authority makes the final call.

Monday output:

• Long-term goal
• Sprint questions
• Customer journey map
• Expert insights
• HMW notes organized
• Target customer and moment

See: references/monday.md for detailed Monday exercises and facilitation.

Tuesday: Sketch

Goal: Generate solutions. Each person sketches a detailed solution.

Morning: Lightning Demos

Exercise: Find inspiration

• Look at competitors and analogous products
• 3-minute demos: "Here's what I found, here's why it's interesting"
• Capture good ideas on whiteboard
• Don't limit to your industry—borrow from anywhere

Exercise: Divide or swarm

• Divide: If map has multiple parts, different people tackle different sections
• Swarm: If one critical problem, everyone tackles the same thing
• Most sprints = swarm

Afternoon: The Four-Step Sketch

Goal: Everyone individually sketches a detailed solution (not as a group!)

Step 1: Notes (20 minutes)

• Walk around room, review map, HMWs, inspiration
• Take notes silently

Step 2: Ideas (20 minutes)

• Rough doodles, mind maps, stick figures
• Quantity over quality
• Still working alone

Step 3: Crazy 8s (8 minutes)

• Fold paper into 8 sections
• Sketch 8 variations in 8 minutes (1 minute each)
• Forces you past first idea
• Can be 8 variations on one idea or 8 different ideas

Step 4: Solution Sketch (30-90 minutes)

• 3-panel storyboard showing customer experience
• Step 1 → Step 2 → Step 3 (beginning, middle, end)
• Make it self-explanatory (someone should understand without you explaining)
• Use text, arrows, simple drawings
• Give it a catchy title
• Anonymous: Don't put your name on it

Critical: No group brainstorming. Individual work produces better, more diverse ideas.

Tuesday output:

• Each person has a detailed solution sketch
• Sketches are anonymous and self-explanatory

See: references/tuesday.md for sketching templates and examples.

Wednesday: Decide

Goal: Critique solutions and choose the best one to prototype and test.

Morning: Sticky Decision

Exercise: Art museum

• Tape solution sketches to wall
• Give everyone dot stickers
• Silently review sketches (no talking!)
• Put dots next to interesting parts

Exercise: Heat map review

• Discuss each sketch for 3 minutes
• Facilitator narrates: "Here they see X, then click Y..."
• Sketcher stays silent (don't reveal yourself yet)
• Team calls out interesting parts
• Scribe captures standout ideas on whiteboard

Exercise: Straw poll

• Each person votes for one solution (put one large dot)
• Explain your vote in 1 sentence
• This is non-binding, just to see preferences

Decider: Person with authority gets three large dots (supervote). Their decision wins.

Afternoon: Rumble or All-in-One

If multiple winners:

• Rumble: Competing prototypes (test different approaches)
• All-in-One: Combine best ideas into one prototype

Most sprints: All-in-one (simpler to prototype and test)

Exercise: Storyboard

• Draw 10-15 panel storyboard (comic book style)
• Each panel = one screen or step
• Opening scene: How customer discovers you
• Middle: Your solution in action
• Ending: Successful outcome
• Include just enough detail for Friday's prototype

Storyboard rules:

• Keep it simple
• Use stick figures
• Words and arrows okay
• Get specific about UI
• 10-15 panels max

Wednesday output:

• Winning solution(s) chosen
• Detailed storyboard ready to prototype

See: references/wednesday.md for decision exercises and storyboard templates.

Thursday: Prototype

Goal: Build a realistic facade. You need something to test on Friday.

Prototype mindset:

• Fake it
• Prototype only what you'll test
• Goldilocks quality: not too high, not too low (realistic enough to get honest reactions)
• One day only

Prototype fidelity:

• Too low: Sketches, wireframes (customers can't react realistically)
• Too high: Working code, pixel-perfect design (wastes time)
• Just right: Looks real, doesn't work real (facades, click-through, video)

Assign Roles

Makers (2+ people):

• Designer, writer, asset collector (images, icons)
• Build the prototype

Stitcher (1 person):

• Combines pieces into final prototype
• Usually in Keynote, Figma, or prototyping tool

Writer (1 person):

• Writes all copy
• Headlines, button labels, descriptions

Collector (1-2 people):

• Gathers assets (photos, icons, competitor screenshots)
• Provides raw materials

Interviewer (1 person):

• Writes interview script for Friday
• Practices interviewing

Sprint Master:

• Helps where needed
• Keeps energy up

Build the Prototype

Tools:

• Web/App: Figma, Keynote, PowerPoint (linked slides)
• Physical Product: Video walkthrough, 3D-printed mockup
• Service: Role-play video, scripted interaction

Thursday morning:

• Divide storyboard into scenes
• Assign scenes to makers
• Start building

Thursday afternoon:

• Stitch together
• Review as team (does it match storyboard?)
• Rehearse for Friday (run through entire flow)
• Trial run (test with someone not on sprint team)

Prototype checklist:

• Follows storyboard exactly
• Looks real enough to get honest reactions
• Can walk through in 5-15 minutes
• Interviewer knows how to present it
• Trial run completed

Thursday output:

• Realistic prototype ready to test
• Interview script written
• Interview room prepared

See: references/thursday.md for prototyping tools and techniques.

Friday: Test

Goal: Interview 5 customers, learn what works and what doesn't.

Setup

Interview room:

• Quiet space with table, 2 chairs
• Laptop with prototype
• Camera recording screen and customer face

Observation room:

• Separate room with live video feed
• Team watches together
• Whiteboard for notes

Roles:

• Interviewer: Conducts all 5 interviews
• Team: Watches, takes notes

The Five-Act Interview

Act 1: Friendly Welcome (5 min)

• Greet warmly
• Explain you're testing prototype, not them
• Ask permission to record
• Encourage thinking aloud

Act 2: Context Questions (5 min)

• Ask about their background
• Example: "Tell me about how you currently handle [problem]"
• Goal: Understand their mindset and current behavior

Act 3: Introduce the Prototype (5 min)

• Show landing page or entry point
• "What's this? What do you think it's for?"
• Don't explain—let them interpret
• Note: Do they get it?

Act 4: Tasks and Nudges (15 min)

• Give open-ended task: "Go ahead and explore"
• Follow with specific tasks from storyboard: "Try to [complete action]"
• Use nudges when stuck: "What would you do next?" or "What's going through your mind?"
• Don't help—watch them struggle
• Encourage thinking aloud

Act 5: Debrief (5 min)

• "What did you think overall?"
• "Who is this for?"
• "What worked? What was confusing?"
• Ask about specific parts you're uncertain about

Interview length: ~30 minutes per customer

Between interviews:

• 30-minute break
• Team discusses observations
• Update questions if needed

Five Is the Magic Number

Why 5 customers?

• Patterns emerge after 3-5 people
• Diminishing returns after 5
• Doable in one day (5 × 1 hour = 5 hours with breaks)

Who to recruit:

• Target customers (match your personas)
• Screener survey to qualify
• Incentive ($100-$200 for B2B, $50-$100 for B2C)
• Schedule 6 (expect 1 no-show)

Take Notes: Pattern Recognition

While watching interviews, team captures:

Column 1	Column 2	Column 3	Column 4	Column 5
Customer 1 notes	Customer 2 notes	Customer 3 notes	Customer 4 notes	Customer 5 notes

Mark with ✓, ✗, or ~:

• ✓ Positive reaction, success
• ✗ Negative reaction, failure
• ~ Neutral or mixed

After all 5 interviews:

• Look for patterns (did all 5 struggle with the same thing?)
• Count ✓ ✗ ~ per row
• Identify what worked and what failed

End-of-Sprint Debrief

Organize findings:

✓ What worked:

• Features/flows that all customers understood
• Messaging that resonated
• Design that felt intuitive

✗ What failed:

• Confusing terminology
• Missing steps
• Wrong assumptions

~ Mixed results:

• Some got it, some didn't
• Unclear if it matters

Next steps:

• If core concept validated: Build it (or next sprint on details)
• If major issues: Pivot or next sprint to solve problems
• If totally failed: Back to drawing board (but you saved months!)

Friday output:

• Interview videos
• Pattern notes
• Clear list of what works, what doesn't
• Decision on next steps

See: references/friday.md for interview scripts and note-taking templates.

When to Run a Design Sprint

Run a sprint when:

• High-stakes decision
• Not enough time to build and test normally
• Team is stuck in endless debate
• Multiple solutions possible
• New product, feature, or major redesign
• Need to de-risk before investing

Don't run a sprint when:

• Problem is clear and solution is obvious
• You just need to execute
• Team isn't bought in
• Can't get decision maker for full week

Variations

4-Day Sprint:

• Day 1: Map + Sketch (compressed)
• Day 2: Decide
• Day 3: Prototype
• Day 4: Test

Remote Sprint:

• Use Miro/FigJam for whiteboarding
• Zoom for meetings
• Same schedule, digital tools

Multi-Sprint:

• Sprint 1: Broad problem, choose direction
• Sprint 2: Deep dive on chosen solution
• Sprint 3: Refine details

Common Mistakes

Mistake	Why It Fails	Fix
Skip prototyping	Nothing to test	Always prototype, even if simple
Over-engineer prototype	Waste time on details that don't matter	Facade only, not working code
Test with wrong users	Invalid feedback	Screen for target customers
Explain prototype to users	Defeats the test	Let them struggle, observe confusion
No decision maker	Can't commit to decision	Get Decider for full week or don't sprint
Interruptions	Breaks focus	Protect the week, no meetings/emails

Quick Diagnostic

Audit any sprint plan:

Question	If No	Action
Do we have a Decider for full week?	Sprint will fail	Get commitment or postpone
Is the problem important enough?	Waste of time	Only sprint on big challenges
Can we prototype in 1 day?	Wrong problem for sprint	Choose more concrete problem
Can we recruit 5 target users?	Can't test properly	Start recruiting now (2 weeks ahead)
Will team commit to no interruptions?	Won't maintain focus	Get buy-in from leadership

Reference Files

• monday.md: Map exercises, HMW notes, target selection
• tuesday.md: Sketching templates, Crazy 8s, solution sketches
• wednesday.md: Decision exercises, storyboard templates
• thursday.md: Prototyping tools, techniques, checklists
• friday.md: Interview scripts, note-taking, pattern analysis
• facilitation.md: Sprint Master guide, time-boxing, energy management
• recruiting.md: User recruitment, screener surveys, scheduling
• case-studies.md: Slack, Blue Bottle Coffee, Savioke, and more
• remote-sprints.md: Adapting sprint for distributed teams

Further Reading

This skill is based on the Design Sprint process developed at Google Ventures. For the complete methodology, exercises, and case studies:

• "Sprint: How to Solve Big Problems and Test New Ideas in Just Five Days" by Jake Knapp, John Zeratsky, Braden Kowitz

About the Author

Jake Knapp created the Design Sprint process while at Google, where he ran sprints on products like Gmail, Chrome, and Google X. As a design partner at Google Ventures (now GV), he refined the process by running over 100 sprints with startups in the GV portfolio. The Design Sprint is now used by teams at Google, Slack, Airbnb, LEGO, and thousands of companies worldwide. Jake is also the author of Make Time, a framework for focus and energy.