編目藏

以標準館系編目而類圖書或檔之物。

用時

• 自始組個人、機構、或社區之庫
• 為新入分配索號與主題
• 為可尋建一致之目錄
• 重類已逾原系之藏
• 為作者、叢、主題立權威控

入

• 必要：待編之物（書、刊、媒、檔）
• 必要：所擇類系（Dewey Decimal 或 Library of Congress）
• 可選：欲整合之現目或清單
• 可選：主題之權威（LCSH、Sears、或自訂 thesaurus）
• 可選：MARC 相容之編目件（Koha、Evergreen、LibraryThing）

法

第一步：擇類系

擇合藏之大、範、眾之系。

Classification System Comparison:
+----------------------------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| Criterion                  | Dewey Decimal (DDC)           | Library of Congress (LCC)     |
+----------------------------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| Best for                   | Public/school libraries,      | Academic/research libraries,  |
|                            | personal collections <10K     | collections >10K volumes      |
+----------------------------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| Structure                  | 10 main classes (000-999),    | 21 letter classes (A-Z),      |
|                            | decimal subdivision           | alphanumeric subdivision      |
+----------------------------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| Granularity                | Broad at top levels,          | Very specific; designed for   |
|                            | expandable via decimals       | research-level distinction    |
+----------------------------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| Learning curve             | Moderate — intuitive          | Steeper — requires schedules  |
|                            | decimal logic                 | and tables                    |
+----------------------------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| Browsability               | Excellent for general         | Excellent for subject-deep    |
|                            | browsing                      | collections                   |
+----------------------------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+

Decision Rule:
- Personal or small community library: DDC
- Academic, research, or large institutional: LCC
- Mixed or uncertain: Start with DDC; migrate to LCC if collection exceeds 10K

得： 所擇類系合藏之模與旨。

敗則： 若二系皆不合（如高專之檔），考面類或自訂法，然為互通記至 DDC 或 LCC 之映。

第二步：行描述編目

依標準為各物建書目描述。

Descriptive Cataloging Elements (RDA-aligned):
1. TITLE AND STATEMENT OF RESPONSIBILITY
   - Title proper (exactly as on title page)
   - Subtitle (if present)
   - Statement of responsibility (author, editor, translator)

2. EDITION
   - Edition statement ("2nd ed.", "Rev. ed.")

3. PUBLICATION INFORMATION
   - Place of publication
   - Publisher name
   - Date of publication

4. PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION
   - Extent (pages, volumes, running time)
   - Dimensions (cm for books)
   - Accompanying material (CD, maps)

5. SERIES
   - Series title and numbering

6. NOTES
   - Bibliography, index, language notes
   - Special features or provenance

7. STANDARD IDENTIFIERS
   - ISBN, ISSN, LCCN, OCLC number

Cataloging Principle: Describe what you see.
Take information from the item itself (title page first,
then cover, colophon, verso). Do not guess or embellish.

得： 各物一致之書目，足識獨與察。

敗則： 若版資缺（老或自版常見），用方括示補訊：[ca. 1920]、[s.l.]（無地）、[s.n.]（無版）。

第三步：分主題

施控詞令用者依題尋物。

Subject Heading Sources:
+------------------------------+------------------------------------------+
| Authority                    | Use For                                  |
+------------------------------+------------------------------------------+
| LCSH (Library of Congress    | General and academic collections.        |
| Subject Headings)            | Most widely used worldwide.              |
+------------------------------+------------------------------------------+
| Sears List of Subject        | Small public and school libraries.       |
| Headings                     | Simpler vocabulary than LCSH.            |
+------------------------------+------------------------------------------+
| MeSH (Medical Subject        | Medical and health science collections.  |
| Headings)                    |                                          |
+------------------------------+------------------------------------------+
| Custom thesaurus             | Specialized archives or corporate        |
|                              | collections with domain-specific terms.  |
+------------------------------+------------------------------------------+

Assignment Rules:
1. Assign 1-3 subject headings per item (more is noise, fewer is loss)
2. Use the most specific heading available (not "Science" when
   "Marine Biology" exists)
3. Apply subdivisions where helpful:
   - Topical: "Cooking--Italian"
   - Geographic: "Architecture--France--Paris"
   - Chronological: "Art--20th century"
   - Form: "Poetry--Collections"
4. Check authority files for preferred forms before creating new headings
5. Be consistent: if you use "Automobiles" don't also use "Cars" as a heading

得： 各物有 1-3 主題自控詞選，跨藏一致施之。

敗則： 若汝權威中無合題，建本地題而記於本地權威檔。定期察其合主權威。

第四步：分索號

以所擇類系建架位。

Dewey Decimal Call Number Construction:
1. Main class number (3 digits minimum): 641.5
2. Add Cutter number for author: .S65 (Smith)
3. Add date for editions: 2023
   Result: 641.5 S65 2023

DDC Main Classes:
  000 - Computer Science, Information
  100 - Philosophy, Psychology
  200 - Religion
  300 - Social Sciences
  400 - Language
  500 - Science
  600 - Technology
  700 - Arts, Recreation
  800 - Literature
  900 - History, Geography

LCC Call Number Construction:
1. Class letter(s): QA (Mathematics)
2. Subclass number: 76.73 (Programming languages)
3. Cutter for specific topic: .P98 (Python)
4. Date: 2023
   Result: QA76.73.P98 2023

Shelving Rule: Call numbers sort left-to-right,
segment by segment. Numbers sort numerically,
letters sort alphabetically, Cutters sort as decimals.

得： 各編物有獨索號定架位。

敗則： 若二物生同索，加作號（題首字除冠詞）或副本號以辨。

第五步：建或更目錄

編輸入汝目系。

Minimum Viable Catalog Record:
+-----------------+----------------------------------------------+
| Field           | Example                                      |
+-----------------+----------------------------------------------+
| Call Number     | 641.5 S65 2023                               |
| Title           | The Joy of Cooking                           |
| Author          | Smith, Jane                                  |
| Edition         | 9th ed.                                      |
| Publisher       | New York : Scribner, 2023                    |
| Physical Desc.  | xii, 1200 p. : ill. ; 26 cm                 |
| ISBN            | 978-1-5011-6971-7                            |
| Subjects        | Cooking, American                            |
|                 | Cookbooks                                    |
| Status          | Available                                    |
| Location        | Main Stacks                                  |
+-----------------+----------------------------------------------+

If using MARC format:
- 245 $a Title $c Statement of responsibility
- 100 $a Author (personal name)
- 050 $a LCC call number
- 082 $a DDC call number
- 650 $a Subject headings
- 020 $a ISBN

Copy cataloging: Check OCLC WorldCat or your library system's
shared database before creating original records. Someone has
likely already cataloged the same edition.

得： 各物有目錄含諸須欄。可自作者、題、主題、索號搜之。

敗則： 若無編目件，以善構表（欄名合上諸欄）為功能目錄。件可得時遷之。

第六步：整物架

依索號置物。

Shelf Organization Principles:
1. Left to right, top to bottom (like reading a page)
2. Call numbers in strict sort order:
   - DDC: 000 → 999, then Cutter alphabetically
   - LCC: A → Z, then number, then Cutter
3. Spine labels: print or write call number on spine label
   (white label, black text, 3 lines max)
4. Shelf markers: place dividers at major class boundaries
   (every 100 in DDC, every letter in LCC)
5. Shifting: leave 20-30% empty space per shelf for growth
6. Oversize: shelve items taller than 30cm in a separate
   oversize section, with "+q" prefix on call number

Shelf Reading (periodic verification):
- Walk the stacks weekly
- Check that items are in correct call number order
- Reshelve any misplaced items
- Note damaged items for repair or replacement

得： 物依索號序置，附清脊籤與成長之空。

敗則： 若空不足，先高借之物於易取架，移少用於密儲，於目錄記位變。

驗

• 類系已擇而記
• 諸物已描述編目，含題、作者、版資
• 自控詞分主題（各物 1-3）
• 索號分配而各物獨
• 目錄建於系或表
• 物依索號序置，附脊籤
• 名與主題之權威控已立以持一致

陷

• 題不一：兼用「World War, 1939-1945」與「WWII」敗控詞之旨。擇一而守
• 過類：為小私庫分十五位 DDC 增繁無益。適粒度於藏模
• 忽複編：有複錄時作原錄費時。先察共庫
• 脊籤忽：已編而無脊籤之書必誤置。編畢即籤
• 無成長之空：架滿 100% 致每新入觸連移。留餘

參

• preserve-materials — 為持其況之物保
• curate-collection — 定何物入編之藏發決
• manage-memory — 組持久知庫（物編之數位對照）