蟲遇之錄

以結構資料、高質之影、公民科學之投稿記蟲遇，以資生物多樣性之究。

用時

• 遇欲記之蟲作個人或究之錄
• 投觀察於公民科學平臺（如 iNaturalist 或 BugGuide）
• 為某生境或區域立系統觀察日誌
• 欲以具地標且帶照之記支持生態調查
• 初學察並記蟲之多樣

入

• 必要：蟲之遇（野中活蟲或近遇標本）
• 必要：能近拍之相機或智慧手機
• 可選：GPS 裝置或開定位之智慧手機
• 可選：筆記本或野外日誌以書觀察
• 可選：手持放大鏡（10x）以察細節
• 可選：尺或硬幣以作照中比例參
• 可選：iNaturalist 或同類公民科學平臺之帳戶

法

第一步：錄地、時、氣

近蟲之前先捕上下文。諸種常限於特定生境與季，故此元資與照本身同要。

Sighting Record — Context:
+--------------------+------------------------------------------+
| Field              | Record                                   |
+--------------------+------------------------------------------+
| Date               | Full date and time (e.g., 2026-06-15,    |
|                    | 14:30 local time)                        |
+--------------------+------------------------------------------+
| Location           | GPS coordinates if available; otherwise   |
|                    | describe precisely (e.g., "south bank of |
|                    | Elm Creek, 200m east of footbridge")     |
+--------------------+------------------------------------------+
| Elevation          | Meters above sea level if available       |
+--------------------+------------------------------------------+
| Weather            | Temperature (estimate is fine), cloud     |
|                    | cover, wind, recent rain                 |
+--------------------+------------------------------------------+
| Season phase       | Early spring, late spring, summer, early  |
|                    | autumn, late autumn, winter              |
+--------------------+------------------------------------------+

得： 完整上下文錄，含日、時、精確位置（宜以 GPS 坐標）、觀察時之氣。

敗則： 無 GPS 則以地標（小徑交會、建築、水特徵）相對述位，足詳以能復至該處。氣資不確則估溫範圍，記「陰」或「晴」勿留空。

第二步：書生境與微生境

記景觀中蟲所在及其用之即時基質或結構。

Habitat Recording:
+--------------------+------------------------------------------+
| Factor             | Record                                   |
+--------------------+------------------------------------------+
| Broad habitat      | Deciduous forest, grassland, wetland,    |
|                    | urban garden, riparian corridor, desert   |
+--------------------+------------------------------------------+
| Microhabitat       | Underside of leaf, bark crevice, flower   |
|                    | head, soil surface, under rock, on water  |
|                    | surface, in flight                       |
+--------------------+------------------------------------------+
| Substrate          | Specific plant species if known, dead     |
|                    | wood, dung, carrion, bare soil, rock     |
+--------------------+------------------------------------------+
| Plant association  | What plant is the insect on or near?     |
|                    | (host plant relationships are diagnostic) |
+--------------------+------------------------------------------+
| Light conditions   | Full sun, partial shade, deep shade       |
+--------------------+------------------------------------------+
| Moisture           | Dry, damp, wet, submerged margin          |
+--------------------+------------------------------------------+

得： 生境之述置蟲於生態上下文，含廣景與蟲所在之即時微生境。

敗則： 微生境難以述（如飛中之蟲）則記其飛近或落之物。書「飛於草地上 1 米」勿留空。

第三步：以診斷之質攝影

佳照為遇錄之最要元。公民科學之識幾全賴影質。

Photography Protocol:

Shots to take (in priority order):
1. DORSAL (top-down) — shows wing pattern, body shape, coloration
2. LATERAL (side view) — shows leg structure, body profile, antennae
3. FRONTAL (head-on) — shows eyes, mouthparts, antennae base
4. VENTRAL (underside) — if accessible, shows leg joints, abdominal pattern
5. SCALE REFERENCE — place a coin, ruler, or finger near the insect
   for size comparison (do not touch the insect)

Tips for quality macro photographs:
- Get as close as your camera allows while maintaining focus
- Use natural light; avoid flash if possible (causes glare and flattens detail)
- Shoot against a neutral background when feasible (leaf, paper, hand)
- Hold the camera parallel to the insect's body plane for maximum sharpness
- Take multiple shots at each angle — at least 3 per view
- If the insect is moving, use burst mode or continuous shooting
- Photograph the insect in situ first, then closer shots if it remains
- Include at least one photo showing the insect in its habitat context
- If wings are open, photograph quickly — the pattern may change when
  wings close (especially butterflies and dragonflies)

得： 至少三可用照：背、側、含比例參者。宜五以上照覆多角。

敗則： 多角未捕前蟲已動則先背視（自上而下），其攜最多識別資訊。單清晰背照勝多模糊之影。蟲於任何照前飛去則即刻記身形與色於憶。

第四步：記行為與相作

行為觀察增照所不能捕之生態值。

Behavioral Notes:
+--------------------+------------------------------------------+
| Category           | Record what you observe                  |
+--------------------+------------------------------------------+
| Activity           | Feeding, flying, resting, mating,        |
|                    | ovipositing (egg-laying), burrowing,     |
|                    | grooming, basking                        |
+--------------------+------------------------------------------+
| Movement           | Crawling, hovering, darting, undulating   |
|                    | flight, walking on water, jumping        |
+--------------------+------------------------------------------+
| Feeding            | What is it eating? Nectar, pollen, leaf   |
|                    | tissue, other insects, dung, sap?        |
+--------------------+------------------------------------------+
| Interactions       | Other insects nearby? Being predated?     |
|                    | Ants attending? Parasites visible?        |
+--------------------+------------------------------------------+
| Sound              | Buzzing, clicking, stridulation (wing or  |
|                    | leg rubbing)? Silent?                    |
+--------------------+------------------------------------------+
| Abundance          | Solitary individual, a few, many (swarm,  |
|                    | aggregation)?                            |
+--------------------+------------------------------------------+
| Duration           | How long did you observe?                 |
+--------------------+------------------------------------------+

得： 至少三行為觀察：活動、運動模式、豐度。

敗則： 蟲短暫遇（如落即飛）則記所得之察並記觀察時長。即「落於葉上，獨，近則飛，觀察 5 秒」亦有用之資。

第五步：初識至目

不必識種。置蟲於其目大幅縮識範並助公民科學之審。

Quick Key to Major Insect Orders:

1. Count the legs.
   - 6 legs → insect (proceed below)
   - 8 legs → arachnid (spider, tick, mite) — not an insect
   - More than 8 legs → myriapod (centipede, millipede) — not an insect
   - Wings but hard to count legs → likely insect; look at wings

2. Examine the wings.
   - Hard front wings (elytra) covering body → Coleoptera (beetles)
   - Scaly wings, often colorful → Lepidoptera (butterflies/moths)
   - Two wings + knob-like halteres → Diptera (flies)
   - Four membranous wings + narrow waist → Hymenoptera (bees/wasps/ants)
   - Half-leathery, half-membranous front wings → Hemiptera (true bugs)
   - Large, transparent wings + long abdomen → Odonata (dragonflies/damselflies)
   - Straight, narrow, leathery front wings → Orthoptera (grasshoppers/crickets)
   - No wings, laterally flattened, jumps → Siphonaptera (fleas)
   - No wings, pale body, in wood or soil → Isoptera (termites)

3. If unsure, note: "Order uncertain — resembles [description]"

得： 初識至目（如「鞘翅目——甲蟲」）或誠實之「目未定」附身形之述。

敗則： 蟲不明合速查中任目則記身形、翅型、足數。iNaturalist 等平臺接「昆蟲綱」為初識，社群識者精之。誠實之「未知」恆勝強猜。

第六步：投於公民科學平臺

將遇上傳至家與社群識者可驗並精識之平臺。

Submission Checklist for iNaturalist (or equivalent):

1. Upload photographs — start with the best dorsal shot
2. Set location — use the map pin or enter GPS coordinates
3. Set date and time of observation
4. Add initial identification (order or family if known; "Insecta" if not)
5. Add observation notes:
   - Habitat and microhabitat
   - Behavior observed
   - Approximate size
   - Any sounds produced
6. Mark as "wild" (not captive/cultivated)
7. Set location accuracy — use the uncertainty circle to reflect GPS precision
8. Submit and monitor for community identifications

Data Quality Tips:
- Observations with 3+ photos from different angles get identified faster
- Including habitat context in one photo helps remote identifiers
- Adding a size reference dramatically improves identification accuracy
- Responding to identifier questions speeds up the process
- "Research Grade" status requires 2+ agreeing identifications at species level

得： 完整觀察投於公民科學平臺，附照、位置、日期、初識，備社群審。

敗則： 野中無網則於本地存諸照與記以待後傳。諸平臺多允追溯投。若無帳戶則存於個人日誌——資仍有學習之值且可後傳。

驗

• 近蟲之前已記日、時、精確位置
• 氣與生境上下文已書
• 已從不同角度攝至少三照
• 至少一照含比例參
• 行為與活動已記
• 已試初識至目（或誠實標為未知）
• 觀察已投公民科學平臺或存結構日誌

陷

• 近之過速：諸蟲急近則逃。緩行，勿以影遮蟲。先遠拍，漸近之
• 略生境上下文：蟲於白牆之照失生態上下文。恆含至少一現場照示蟲於自然之境
• 賴單照：單影常不足以識。翅紋、足構、觸角僅自特定角可見
• 忘比例：無尺參則 5mm 與 50mm 甲蟲於照中相似。恆含硬幣、尺或指以作比例
• 強識：於公民科學平臺投信心而誤之識為究者生噪。「昆蟲綱」或「目未知」恆可接且勝錯屬種
• 不記空觀察：「乳草斑未見蟲」於調查為有值之缺證。記所察，非僅所見

參

• identify-insect — 須超初步目識之詳形態識別
• observe-insect-behavior — 更深行為究之結構化行為學觀察程式
• collect-preserve-specimens — 須實體標本以作定識時
• survey-insect-population — 將單遇擴為系統種群調查