設 Compose 之棧

為多服應用之棧配 Docker Compose，附庫、緩、工。

用時

• 行網應附庫與/或緩乃用
• 設多服之開發境乃用
• 並 API 與後台工乃用
• 跨團需可重之多服境乃用

入

• 必要：應之服（語、端口、入點）
• 必要：所需之輔服（庫、緩、隊等）
• 可選：開發 vs 生產之配
• 可選：自定服之既 Dockerfile

法

第一步：定核之棧

services:
  app:
    build:
      context: .
      dockerfile: Dockerfile
    ports:
      - "3000:3000"
    environment:
      DATABASE_URL: postgres://appuser:apppass@postgres:5432/appdb
      REDIS_URL: redis://redis:6379
    depends_on:
      postgres:
        condition: service_healthy
      redis:
        condition: service_started
    restart: unless-stopped

  postgres:
    image: postgres:16
    environment:
      POSTGRES_DB: appdb
      POSTGRES_USER: appuser
      POSTGRES_PASSWORD: apppass
    volumes:
      - pgdata:/var/lib/postgresql/data
    ports:
      - "5432:5432"
    healthcheck:
      test: ["CMD-SHELL", "pg_isready -U appuser -d appdb"]
      interval: 5s
      timeout: 5s
      retries: 5

  redis:
    image: redis:7-alpine
    ports:
      - "6379:6379"
    volumes:
      - redisdata:/data

volumes:
  pgdata:
  redisdata:

得：docker compose up 啟諸服，應俟健庫。

第二步：增健察

健察使 depends_on 可用 condition: service_healthy：

services:
  postgres:
    healthcheck:
      test: ["CMD-SHELL", "pg_isready -U appuser -d appdb"]
      interval: 5s
      timeout: 5s
      retries: 5

  redis:
    healthcheck:
      test: ["CMD", "redis-cli", "ping"]
      interval: 5s
      timeout: 3s
      retries: 5

  app:
    healthcheck:
      test: ["CMD", "curl", "-f", "http://localhost:3000/health"]
      interval: 10s
      timeout: 5s
      retries: 3
      start_period: 10s

第三步：配網

services:
  app:
    networks:
      - frontend
      - backend

  postgres:
    networks:
      - backend

  nginx:
    networks:
      - frontend
    ports:
      - "80:80"

networks:
  frontend:
    driver: bridge
  backend:
    driver: bridge

此隔庫於外直訪，而應橋二網。

第四步：管環境變

立 .env 文件（git-ignored）：

POSTGRES_PASSWORD=secure_password_here
APP_SECRET=your_secret_key

於 compose 引：

services:
  postgres:
    environment:
      POSTGRES_PASSWORD: ${POSTGRES_PASSWORD}
  app:
    env_file:
      - .env

立 .env.example（提交於 git）：

POSTGRES_PASSWORD=changeme
APP_SECRET=changeme

第五步：增工服

services:
  worker:
    build:
      context: .
      dockerfile: Dockerfile
    command: ["node", "src/worker.js"]
    environment:
      DATABASE_URL: postgres://appuser:apppass@postgres:5432/appdb
      REDIS_URL: redis://redis:6379
    depends_on:
      postgres:
        condition: service_healthy
      redis:
        condition: service_started
    restart: unless-stopped
    deploy:
      replicas: 2

第六步：以 profile 為選服

services:
  app:
    # always starts
    build: .

  mailhog:
    image: mailhog/mailhog
    ports:
      - "8025:8025"
    profiles:
      - dev

  adminer:
    image: adminer
    ports:
      - "8080:8080"
    profiles:
      - dev

# Start core services only
docker compose up

# Start with dev tools
docker compose --profile dev up

第七步：為開發立 override

docker-compose.override.yml 自動合並：

services:
  app:
    build:
      target: dev
    volumes:
      - .:/app
      - /app/node_modules
    environment:
      NODE_ENV: development
      DEBUG: "app:*"
    command: ["npm", "run", "dev"]

第八步：建而行

# Build all images
docker compose build

# Start in background
docker compose up -d

# View logs
docker compose logs -f app

# Check service status
docker compose ps

# Stop and remove
docker compose down

# Stop and remove volumes (full reset)
docker compose down -v

得：諸服啟，健察過，應連庫與緩。

敗則：察 docker compose logs <service>。常患：端口衝、缺環變、健察超時。

驗

• docker compose up 啟諸服而無誤
• 庫與緩之健察過
• 應連諸依服
• 命名卷跨重啟存數
• .env 入 git-ignore；.env.example 已提交
• docker compose down 潔止諸物
• profile 分開發器與生產服

陷

• 無健察：depends_on 而無 condition: service_healthy 唯俟容啟，非俟備
• 硬編密於 compose：用 .env 或 Docker secret。永勿提交密
• 卷掛蓋：掛 .:/app 蓋鏡中所建之 node_modules。用匿之卷：/app/node_modules
• 端口衝：察 docker compose ps 與 lsof -i :<port> 為衝
• version: 鍵：Compose V2 忽 version: 鍵。新設略之
• WSL 徑之患：自 WSL 掛 Windows 目用 /mnt/c/... 徑

參

• setup-docker-compose — R 特之 Docker Compose 配
• create-dockerfile — 寫 compose 所引之 Dockerfile
• create-multistage-dockerfile — 為棧建優之像
• configure-nginx — 加 Nginx 反向代理於棧