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add-rcpp-integration

pjt222
Updated 6 days ago
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Metatesting

About

This skill adds Rcpp or RcppArmadillo integration to an R package to enable high-performance C++ code. It covers the full workflow from setup and writing C++ functions to generating RcppExports, testing, and debugging. Use it when R functions are too slow, you need to interface with C/C++ libraries, or algorithms like loops and linear algebra would benefit from compiled code.

Quick Install

Claude Code

Recommended
Primary
npx skills add pjt222/agent-almanac -a claude-code
Plugin CommandAlternative
/plugin add https://github.com/pjt222/agent-almanac
Git CloneAlternative
git clone https://github.com/pjt222/agent-almanac.git ~/.claude/skills/add-rcpp-integration

Copy and paste this command in Claude Code to install this skill

Documentation

納 Rcpp 整合

於 R 包以 Rcpp 納 C++ 碼,用於性能要之操作。

用時

  • R 函過緩而剖析確認瓶頸乃用
  • 需連既有 C/C++ 庫乃用
  • 實益於編譯之算法(環、遞歸)乃用
  • 增 RcppArmadillo 以行線性代數乃用

  • 必要:既存之 R 包
  • 必要:將以 C++ 代或增之 R 函
  • 可選:將連之外 C++ 庫
  • 可選:用 RcppArmadillo 乎(默:純 Rcpp)

第一步:設 Rcpp 基

usethis::use_rcpp()

此舉:

  • src/
  • 於 DESCRIPTION 之 LinkingTo 與 Imports 添 Rcpp
  • R/packagename-package.R,含 @useDynLib@importFrom Rcpp sourceCpp
  • .gitignore 以避編譯檔

用 RcppArmadillo:

usethis::use_rcpp_armadillo()

得: src/ 目已建,DESCRIPTION 已更 LinkingTo 與 Imports 之 RcppR/packagename-package.R@useDynLib 指令。

敗則:usethis::use_rcpp() 敗,手建 src/,於 DESCRIPTION 添 LinkingTo: RcppImports: Rcpp,於包級文檔添 #' @useDynLib packagename, .registration = TRUE#' @importFrom Rcpp sourceCpp

第二步:書 C++ 函

src/my_function.cpp

#include <Rcpp.h>
using namespace Rcpp;

//' Compute cumulative sum efficiently
//'
//' @param x A numeric vector
//' @return A numeric vector of cumulative sums
//' @export
// [[Rcpp::export]]
NumericVector cumsum_cpp(NumericVector x) {
  int n = x.size();
  NumericVector out(n);
  out[0] = x[0];
  for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) {
    out[i] = out[i - 1] + x[i];
  }
  return out;
}

用 RcppArmadillo:

#include <RcppArmadillo.h>
// [[Rcpp::depends(RcppArmadillo)]]

//' Matrix multiplication using Armadillo
//'
//' @param A A numeric matrix
//' @param B A numeric matrix
//' @return The matrix product A * B
//' @export
// [[Rcpp::export]]
arma::mat mat_mult(const arma::mat& A, const arma::mat& B) {
  return A * B;
}

得: C++ 源檔存於 src/my_function.cpp,有 // [[Rcpp::export]] 注及 //' 之 roxygen 注。

敗則: 驗用 #include <Rcpp.h>(Armadillo 則 <RcppArmadillo.h>),導出注自成一行居函簽上,返型合於 Rcpp 型。

第三步:生 RcppExports

Rcpp::compileAttributes()
devtools::document()

得: R/RcppExports.Rsrc/RcppExports.cpp 自生。

敗則: 察 C++ 之語法訛。確 // [[Rcpp::export]] 置各導出函之上。

第四步:驗編譯

devtools::load_all()

得: 包編而載無訛。

敗則: 察編譯器之出。常患:

  • 系統頭缺:裝開發庫
  • 語法訛:編譯器指其行
  • RcppArmadillo 缺 Rcpp::depends

第五步:書編碼之試

test_that("cumsum_cpp matches base R", {
  x <- c(1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
  expect_equal(cumsum_cpp(x), cumsum(x))
})

test_that("cumsum_cpp handles edge cases", {
  expect_equal(cumsum_cpp(numeric(0)), numeric(0))
  expect_equal(cumsum_cpp(c(NA_real_, 1)), c(NA_real_, NA_real_))
})

得: 試皆過,確 C++ 函與 R 等,處邊例(空量、NA)正。

敗則: NA 試敗則於 C++ 中以 NumericVector::is_na() 明察。空入試敗則函首加長零之守。

第六步:添清理之本

src/Makevars

PKG_CXXFLAGS = -O2

cleanup 於包根(為 CRAN):

#!/bin/sh
rm -f src/*.o src/*.so src/*.dll

授可執:chmod +x cleanup

得: src/Makevars 設編譯旗,cleanup 本除編譯物。二檔皆於包根。

敗則:cleanup 可執(chmod +x cleanup),Makevars 用 tab(非空格)縮以寫 Makefile 之則。

第七步:更 .Rbuildignore

確編譯物已處:

^src/.*\.o$
^src/.*\.so$
^src/.*\.dll$

得: .Rbuildignore 之式避編譯物入包焰,而存源與 Makevars。

敗則:devtools::check()src/ 未期之檔之 NOTE。調 .Rbuildignore 只排 .o.so.dll

  • devtools::load_all() 編而無警
  • 編函生正果
  • 邊例(NA、空、大入)之試皆過
  • R CMD check 過無編譯之警
  • RcppExports 檔已生並提交
  • 以基準確性能之進

  • compileAttributes():改 C++ 後必再生 RcppExports
  • 整溢:大數用 doubleint
  • 記憶之治:Rcpp 自治其型之記憶;勿手 delete
  • NA 之處:C++ 不識 R 之 NA。以 Rcpp::NumericVector::is_na()
  • 平臺可攜:避平臺特之 C++ 特性。試於 Windows、macOS、Linux
  • @useDynLib:包級文檔必含 @useDynLib packagename, .registration = TRUE

  • create-r-package — 增 Rcpp 前之包設
  • write-testthat-tests — 試編譯之函
  • setup-github-actions-ci — CI 須有 C++ 之具
  • submit-to-cran — 編譯包需額外 CRAN 之查

GitHub Repository

pjt222/agent-almanac
Path: i18n/wenyan/skills/add-rcpp-integration
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