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configure-nginx

pjt222
Updated 2 days ago
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About

This skill configures Nginx as a web server and reverse proxy for production use. It enables static file serving, SSL/TLS termination with Let's Encrypt, load balancing, and reverse proxying to backend services. Use it to harden endpoints with security headers and rate limiting.

Quick Install

Claude Code

Recommended
Primary
npx skills add pjt222/agent-almanac -a claude-code
Plugin CommandAlternative
/plugin add https://github.com/pjt222/agent-almanac
Git CloneAlternative
git clone https://github.com/pjt222/agent-almanac.git ~/.claude/skills/configure-nginx

Copy and paste this command in Claude Code to install this skill

Documentation

配置 Nginx

設 Nginx 為 Web 伺服器與反向代理含 SSL 終結與安全強化。

適用時機

  • 生產中提供靜態檔(HTML、CSS、JS)
  • 反向代理至後端服務(Node.js、Python、Go、R/Shiny)
  • 以 Let's Encrypt 憑證終結 SSL/TLS
  • 跨多後端實例行負載均衡
  • 加速率限與安全頭

輸入

  • 必要:部署目標(Docker 容器或裸金屬)
  • 必要:待代理之後端服務(host:port)
  • 選擇性:SSL 用之域名
  • 選擇性:靜態檔目錄

步驟

步驟一:基本反向代理

nginx.conf

events {
    worker_connections 1024;
}

http {
    upstream app {
        server app:3000;
    }

    server {
        listen 80;
        server_name example.com;

        location / {
            proxy_pass http://app;
            proxy_set_header Host $host;
            proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
            proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
            proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
        }
    }
}

Docker Compose 服務:

services:
  nginx:
    image: nginx:1.27-alpine
    ports:
      - "80:80"
      - "443:443"
    volumes:
      - ./nginx.conf:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf:ro
    depends_on:
      - app

預期: 至 port 80 之請求轉至 app 服務。

步驟二:靜態檔提供

server {
    listen 80;
    root /usr/share/nginx/html;
    index index.html;

    location / {
        try_files $uri $uri/ /index.html;
    }

    location /assets/ {
        expires 1y;
        add_header Cache-Control "public, immutable";
    }

    location ~* \.(js|css|png|jpg|jpeg|gif|ico|svg|woff2?)$ {
        expires 6M;
        add_header Cache-Control "public";
    }
}

步驟三:以 Let's Encrypt 行 SSL/TLS

以 certbot 之 webroot 法:

server {
    listen 80;
    server_name example.com;

    location /.well-known/acme-challenge/ {
        root /var/www/certbot;
    }

    location / {
        return 301 https://$host$request_uri;
    }
}

server {
    listen 443 ssl;
    server_name example.com;

    ssl_certificate /etc/letsencrypt/live/example.com/fullchain.pem;
    ssl_certificate_key /etc/letsencrypt/live/example.com/privkey.pem;

    ssl_protocols TLSv1.2 TLSv1.3;
    ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;

    location / {
        proxy_pass http://app;
        proxy_set_header Host $host;
        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
    }
}

Docker Compose 含 certbot:

services:
  nginx:
    image: nginx:1.27-alpine
    ports:
      - "80:80"
      - "443:443"
    volumes:
      - ./nginx.conf:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf:ro
      - certbot-webroot:/var/www/certbot:ro
      - certbot-certs:/etc/letsencrypt:ro

  certbot:
    image: certbot/certbot
    volumes:
      - certbot-webroot:/var/www/certbot
      - certbot-certs:/etc/letsencrypt

volumes:
  certbot-webroot:
  certbot-certs:

首憑證:

docker compose run --rm certbot certonly \
  --webroot -w /var/www/certbot \
  -d example.com --email [email protected] --agree-tos

預期: HTTPS 以有效 Let's Encrypt 憑證運。

失敗時: 查 DNS 指向伺服器。驗 port 80 開以應 ACME 挑戰。

步驟四:安全頭

server {
    # ... SSL config above ...

    add_header X-Frame-Options "SAMEORIGIN" always;
    add_header X-Content-Type-Options "nosniff" always;
    add_header X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block" always;
    add_header Referrer-Policy "strict-origin-when-cross-origin" always;
    add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=63072000; includeSubDomains" always;
    add_header Content-Security-Policy "default-src 'self'; script-src 'self'; style-src 'self' 'unsafe-inline';" always;

    # Hide Nginx version
    server_tokens off;
}

步驟五:速率限

http {
    # Define rate limit zones
    limit_req_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=api:10m rate=10r/s;
    limit_req_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=login:10m rate=1r/s;

    server {
        location /api/ {
            limit_req zone=api burst=20 nodelay;
            proxy_pass http://app;
        }

        location /login {
            limit_req zone=login burst=5;
            proxy_pass http://app;
        }
    }
}

步驟六:負載均衡

upstream app {
    least_conn;
    server app1:3000;
    server app2:3000;
    server app3:3000 backup;
}
MethodDirectiveBehavior
Round robin(default)Equal distribution
Least connectionsleast_connRoutes to least busy
IP haship_hashSticky sessions
Weightedserver app:3000 weight=3Proportional

步驟七:測配置

# Test config syntax
docker compose exec nginx nginx -t

# Reload without downtime
docker compose exec nginx nginx -s reload

# Check response headers
curl -I https://example.com

預期: nginx -t 報語法 OK。頭含安全頭。

驗證

  • nginx -t 報配置有效
  • HTTP 重導至 HTTPS(若啟 SSL)
  • 後端服務經代理可達
  • 安全頭見於回應
  • 速率限於過度請求時觸
  • SSL Labs 測得 A+(若公開)

常見陷阱

  • proxy_set_header Host:後端收錯主機頭,破虛擬主機與重導
  • location 序要:Nginx 用最具體匹配。精確(=)> 前綴(^~)> 正則(~)> 通用前綴
  • SSL 憑證更新:設 cron 或計時器行 certbot renew 並重載 Nginx
  • 大請求體:預設 client_max_body_size 為 1MB。檔上傳增:client_max_body_size 50m;
  • WebSocket 代理:需額外頭。模式見 configure-reverse-proxy

相關技能

  • configure-reverse-proxy - 多工具代理模式含 WebSocket 與 Traefik
  • setup-compose-stack - 含 Nginx 之 compose 棧
  • deploy-searxng - 用 Nginx 為 SearXNG 之前端
  • configure-ingress-networking - Kubernetes ingress(NGINX Ingress Controller)

GitHub Repository

pjt222/agent-almanac
Path: i18n/wenyan-lite/skills/configure-nginx
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