identify-gemstone
About
This skill identifies gemstones by analyzing optical properties, physical tests, and inclusions. It helps verify species, distinguish natural stones from simulants or synthetics, and assess rough material before cutting. Key capabilities include checking refractive index, specific gravity, and spectroscopy indicators.
Quick Install
Claude Code
Recommendednpx skills add pjt222/agent-almanac -a claude-code/plugin add https://github.com/pjt222/agent-almanacgit clone https://github.com/pjt222/agent-almanac.git ~/.claude/skills/identify-gemstoneCopy and paste this command in Claude Code to install this skill
Documentation
辨寶石
以系統性物光性試、包體析、對已知種剖排除法辨寶石。
用
- 未知寶石欲辨種
- 驗賣者之寶石身分斷
- 分自然寶石於常仿或合成
- 用結構觀試建寶石學知
- 切前辨毛料以保安處理
入
- 必：寶石樣（散石宜；鑲者限試）
- 可：折射儀與接觸液（RI 液，1.81 標）
- 可：二色鏡（察多色性）
- 可：Chelsea 色濾
- 可：比重秤或重液
- 可：10x 放大鏡或寶石顯微鏡
- 可：UV 燈（長 365nm 與短 254nm）
- 可：偏光鏡（察光性）
行
一：目察
以裸眼再以 10x 放大察樣。
Visual Inspection Checklist:
+--------------------+------------------------------------------+
| Observation | Record |
+--------------------+------------------------------------------+
| Colour | Hue (red, blue, green...), saturation |
| | (vivid, moderate, weak), tone |
| | (light, medium, dark) |
+--------------------+------------------------------------------+
| Transparency | Transparent, translucent, opaque |
+--------------------+------------------------------------------+
| Luster | Adamantine, vitreous, waxy, pearly, |
| | silky, resinous |
+--------------------+------------------------------------------+
| Cut style | Faceted, cabochon, carved, rough |
+--------------------+------------------------------------------+
| Estimated size | Approximate dimensions (mm) and weight |
+--------------------+------------------------------------------+
| Surface condition | Scratches, chips, abrasion, wear pattern |
+--------------------+------------------------------------------+
| Phenomena | Star (asterism), cat's eye |
| | (chatoyancy), play of colour, colour |
| | change, adularescence |
+--------------------+------------------------------------------+
- 於日光當光（5500-6500K）下記本色
- 從不同角透石察色帶
- 評透與光——此即縮候選
- 尋光現象（星、貓眼、色遊）
- 記裸眼可見包體
得：全目覽含色、透、光、諸現象。僅此即縮候至可管列。
敗：光劣（黃室光）→記限。日光或等效燈強薦。鎢絲光改色感致色變石誤辨。
二：物性試
試可測物性縮辨識。
Key Physical Properties:
+--------------------+------------------------------------------+
| Property | Method |
+--------------------+------------------------------------------+
| Hardness (Mohs) | Scratch test against reference minerals |
| | or hardness pencils. CAUTION: Do NOT |
| | scratch faceted gemstones — use other |
| | tests instead for cut stones |
+--------------------+------------------------------------------+
| Specific gravity | Hydrostatic weighing: |
| (SG) | SG = weight in air / (weight in air - |
| | weight in water) |
| | |
| | Common SG values: |
| | Quartz: 2.65 |
| | Beryl: 2.68-2.74 |
| | Tourmaline: 3.02-3.26 |
| | Topaz: 3.53 |
| | Corundum: 3.99-4.01 |
| | Zircon: 4.60-4.73 |
| | CZ: 5.65-5.95 |
+--------------------+------------------------------------------+
| Heft | Does the stone feel heavier or lighter |
| | than expected for its size? |
| | CZ and zircon feel noticeably heavy |
| | Quartz and glass feel average |
+--------------------+------------------------------------------+
- 毛料：用 Mohs 參點試硬度
- 切石：用流體靜力法測 SG
- 評重——有經驗者單以重分 CZ 於鑽
- 記表可見之解理面
得：硬度範（毛料）或 SG 值（切石），足分候選種。SG 常為切石最強單診斷。
敗：靜力秤無→用重試為粗導。覺「過重於其尺」者多 SG 高（>3.5）。硬度試將損切石→略至光試。
三：光試
用寶石光儀取決定性特性。
Optical Property Tests:
+--------------------+------------------------------------------+
| Test | What It Reveals |
+--------------------+------------------------------------------+
| Refractive Index | Measured on refractometer with RI fluid |
| (RI) | Diagnostic for most species: |
| | Quartz: 1.544-1.553 |
| | Beryl: 1.577-1.583 |
| | Tourmaline: 1.624-1.644 |
| | Topaz: 1.609-1.617 |
| | Corundum: 1.762-1.770 |
| | Spinel: 1.718 |
| | Diamond: 2.417 (OTL on refractometer) |
| | CZ: 2.15 (OTL on refractometer) |
+--------------------+------------------------------------------+
| Birefringence | Difference between high and low RI |
| (BR) | Quartz: 0.009 |
| | Corundum: 0.008 |
| | Tourmaline: 0.018-0.020 |
| | Singly refractive: 0 (spinel, garnet, |
| | diamond) |
+--------------------+------------------------------------------+
| Pleochroism | Colour variation with crystal direction |
| (dichroscope) | Strong: tourmaline, tanzanite, iolite |
| | Moderate: corundum, topaz |
| | None: singly refractive stones |
+--------------------+------------------------------------------+
| Optic character | Singly refractive (SR), doubly |
| (polariscope) | refractive (DR), aggregate (AGG) |
+--------------------+------------------------------------------+
| UV fluorescence | Long-wave and short-wave UV response |
| | Diamond: often blue (LWUV) |
| | Ruby: strong red (LWUV) |
| | Emerald: usually inert |
+--------------------+------------------------------------------+
| Chelsea filter | Transmits deep red and yellow-green |
| | Emerald (Cr): appears red/pink |
| | Aquamarine: appears green |
| | Blue synthetic spinel: appears red |
+--------------------+------------------------------------------+
- 折射儀測 RI——取高低兩讀以求雙折射
- 二色鏡試多色性——緩轉記色變
- 偏光鏡察光性（SR vs DR vs AGG）
- 試 UV 螢光，長短皆試
- 疑鉻色者用 Chelsea 濾
得：RI 值（至 0.001）、雙折射、光性、多色述、UV 反應。合二步即可確辨多數寶石種。
敗：RI 超限（OTL，>1.81）→多為鑽、CZ、鋯石（高型）或高 RI 合成。用 SG 與熱導分。無折射儀→倚 SG + 目性 + 包體。
四：包體析
放大察內以確種、分自然與合成。
Diagnostic Inclusions by Species:
+------------------+------------------------------------------+
| Species | Characteristic Inclusions |
+------------------+------------------------------------------+
| Diamond | Crystals (garnet, diopside), feathers, |
| | cloud, graining, pinpoints |
+------------------+------------------------------------------+
| Ruby/Sapphire | Silk (rutile needles), fingerprints, |
| | colour zoning (straight angular), |
| | crystal inclusions |
+------------------+------------------------------------------+
| Emerald | Three-phase inclusions (solid + liquid + |
| | gas), jardin (garden-like fractures), |
| | pyrite crystals |
+------------------+------------------------------------------+
| Tourmaline | Growth tubes, liquid-filled fractures |
+------------------+------------------------------------------+
| Quartz/Amethyst | Tiger stripes, phantoms, two-phase |
| | inclusions, negative crystals |
+------------------+------------------------------------------+
Synthetic Indicators:
+------------------+------------------------------------------+
| Synthetic Type | Telltale Inclusions |
+------------------+------------------------------------------+
| Flame fusion | Curved growth lines (striae), |
| (Verneuil) | gas bubbles (spherical) |
+------------------+------------------------------------------+
| Flux grown | Flux fingerprints (wispy veils), |
| | platinum platelets |
+------------------+------------------------------------------+
| Hydrothermal | Chevron or zigzag growth patterns, |
| | seed plate remnant |
+------------------+------------------------------------------+
| Glass simulants | Round gas bubbles, swirl marks, |
| | conchoidal fracture chips |
+------------------+------------------------------------------+
- 寶石顯微鏡暗場照或 10x 放大下斜光察
- 先尋種診斷包體
- 察合成指示——曲紋與氣泡為焰熔合成之定論
- 記包體型、位、頻
- 可則攝包體供檔案
得：種確之包體模與自然/合成之判。某種由包體辨勝於光性（如祖母綠之 jardin）。
敗：石眼淨 10x 無見→或極淨自然或合成。缺包體升合成概率——取光與物試確。必要則實驗室析（FTIR、Raman）。
五：排除法辨
交叉諸數據達末辨。
- 合性剖：
- 色+透+光
- 硬度或 SG
- RI+雙折射+光性
- 多色+UV
- 包體模
- 比候選種之參考表
- 排除有測性衝突之種
- 若二候以上留→辨決定試：
- 例：藍托帕石 vs 海藍——SG 為決定（3.53 vs 2.70）
- 以信心級陳辨：
- 確：多性確單種
- 或：性合單種而一試缺
- 不確：數據衝突或試不足——薦送實驗室
得：末種辨（如「天然藍寶，熱處理」）含各試類之證。或於野試不足時明薦送實驗室析。
敗：不能以可用具辨→書諸測性送寶石實驗室。予實驗室所測數據，加速其析。
驗
- 目察於日光當光畢
- 至少二物性已測（硬度/SG + 他一）
- 若有折射儀→RI 已測且雙折射已算
- 若有二色鏡→多色性已試
- 包體至少於 10x 放大下察
- 辨由系統排除達，非假
- 常仿皆顯考並排
- 自然/合成判已定（或標不確）
忌
- 僅信色：色為最不可靠之辨性。藍石含藍寶、托帕、海藍、坦桑、堇青、尖晶、玻、CZ。必以可測性確
- 略鑲石之 SG：鑲石限試，然仍可察 RI、多色、包體、UV。書限非猜
- 混高 RI 合成與自然：焰熔紅藍寶 RI 與 SG 同自然。唯包體（曲紋 vs 直生長）分
- 假貴=自然：商業珠飾常含處理、合成、仿。每石必試不論聲稱
- 損樣：絕勿硬度試切石——留明劃。切石用非破試（RI、SG、包體）
參
cut-gemstoneappraise-gemstonemineral-identification
GitHub Repository
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