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optimize-docker-build-cache

pjt222
Updated 6 days ago
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Metadesign

About

This Claude Skill optimizes Docker builds by implementing layer caching, multi-stage builds, and BuildKit features to reduce build times and image sizes. It's designed for R, Node.js, and Python projects where repeated dependency installations or large images slow development. Use it when code changes trigger full rebuilds or when CI/CD pipelines are bottlenecked by slow Docker builds.

Quick Install

Claude Code

Recommended
Primary
npx skills add pjt222/agent-almanac -a claude-code
Plugin CommandAlternative
/plugin add https://github.com/pjt222/agent-almanac
Git CloneAlternative
git clone https://github.com/pjt222/agent-almanac.git ~/.claude/skills/optimize-docker-build-cache

Copy and paste this command in Claude Code to install this skill

Documentation

省 Docker 構快取

藉層快取、多階構、BuildKit、依先模減 Docker 構時。

  • 構緩、復裝包
  • 改碼即重裝諸依
  • 像過大
  • CI/CD 構為瓶

  • :現 Dockerfile
  • :構時改善標
  • :像縮減標

一:依變率排層

少變者先:

# 1. Base image (rarely changes)
FROM rocker/r-ver:4.5.0

# 2. System dependencies (change occasionally)
RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y \
    libcurl4-openssl-dev \
    libssl-dev \
    && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*

# 3. Dependency files only (change when deps change)
COPY renv.lock renv.lock
COPY renv/activate.R renv/activate.R
RUN R -e "renv::restore()"

# 4. Source code (changes frequently)
COPY . .

要則:Docker 各層皆快取。一層變則諸後重構。依裝必先於碼複。

得: 層由少變至多變、依鎖文於全源前。

敗: 改碼仍重裝→確 COPY . .RUN 裝後、非前。

二:依與碼分

(碼變則重裝):

COPY . .
RUN R -e "renv::restore()"

(鎖變乃重裝):

COPY renv.lock renv.lock
RUN R -e "renv::restore()"
COPY . .

Node.js 同理:

COPY package.json package-lock.json ./
RUN npm ci
COPY . .

得: 鎖文(renv.lock、package-lock.json、requirements.txt)於 COPY . . 前獨層複裝。

敗: 鎖複敗→確文在構境且未為 .dockerignore 排。

三:用多階構

構依與運分:

# Build stage - includes dev tools
FROM rocker/r-ver:4.5.0 AS builder
RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y \
    libcurl4-openssl-dev libssl-dev build-essential
COPY renv.lock .
RUN R -e "install.packages('renv'); renv::restore()"

# Runtime stage - minimal image
FROM rocker/r-ver:4.5.0
RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y \
    libcurl4 libssl3 \
    && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
COPY --from=builder /usr/local/lib/R/site-library /usr/local/lib/R/site-library
COPY . /app
WORKDIR /app
CMD ["Rscript", "main.R"]

得: Dockerfile 有 builder 階+運階、終像顯小於單階。

敗: COPY --from=builder 不見庫→確兩階裝路同。docker build --target builder . 獨調 builder。

四:合 RUN 命

RUN 生層。合相關:

(3 層、apt 快取留):

RUN apt-get update
RUN apt-get install -y curl git
RUN rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*

(1 層、淨快取):

RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y \
    curl \
    git \
    && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*

得: 相關 apt-get 或裝命合一 RUN、皆以快取清(rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*)終。

敗:RUN 中敗→暫拆識敗命、修後再合。

五:用 .dockerignore

阻無謂文入構境:

.git
.Rproj.user
.Rhistory
.RData
renv/library
renv/cache
node_modules
docs/
*.tar.gz
.env

得: 根有 .dockerignore、排 .gitnode_modulesrenv/library、構物、環文。構境顯小。

敗: 容器內缺需文→查 .dockerignore 之過寬模。docker build 詳輸驗送 daemon 之文。

六:啟 BuildKit

DOCKER_BUILDKIT=1 docker build -t myimage .

docker-compose.yml

services:
  app:
    build:
      context: .
      dockerfile: Dockerfile

COMPOSE_DOCKER_CLI_BUILD=1 + DOCKER_BUILDKIT=1 環變。

BuildKit 啟:

  • 並行階構
  • 快取管優
  • --mount=type=cache 為持包快取

得: 構以 BuildKit(輸示 #1 [internal] load build definition)。多階盡能並行。

敗: BuildKit 未行→確環變於構命前已導。Docker 舊版→升至 18.09+。

七:包管用 cache mount

# R packages with persistent cache
RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/usr/local/lib/R/site-library \
    R -e "install.packages('dplyr')"

# npm with persistent cache
RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/root/.npm \
    npm ci

得: 後構用 mount 快取、層失效裝時亦速。快取跨構持。

敗: --mount=type=cache 不識→確 BuildKit 啟(DOCKER_BUILDKIT=1)—舊構器不支。

  • 但碼變後重構顯速
  • 鎖未變時依層自快取
  • .dockerignore 排無謂文
  • 像比未省者小
  • 多階(如用)構↔運分

  • 裝依前複全文:每碼變使依快取失效
  • .dockerignore:構境大則諸構皆緩
  • 層過多:各 RUN/COPY/ADD 為一層—邏輯處合之
  • 不淨 apt 快取apt-get install 必以 && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
  • 平台特快取:層快取依平台—CI 工或不得益於本地快取

  • create-r-dockerfile
  • setup-docker-compose
  • containerize-mcp-server

GitHub Repository

pjt222/agent-almanac
Path: i18n/wenyan-ultra/skills/optimize-docker-build-cache
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