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configure-api-gateway

pjt222
Updated 2 days ago
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About

This skill deploys and configures Kong or Traefik API gateways to provide a unified endpoint for multiple backend services. It handles essential features like routing, authentication, rate limiting, and request transformation. Use it when you need centralized traffic management, security, and analytics for your microservices architecture.

Quick Install

Claude Code

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Documentation

配置 API 閘道

部署並配 API 閘道以行集中式之 API 流量管理與策略執行。

適用時機

  • 多後端服務需統一 API 端點與一致策略
  • 需集中式之 API 存取認證/授權
  • 需跨 API 之速率限與配額管理
  • 欲無改後端而轉換請求/回應
  • 實行 API 版本控制與棄用策
  • 需詳細之 API 分析與監控
  • 需微服務之服務發現與負載均衡

輸入

  • 必要:Kubernetes 叢集或 Docker 環境
  • 必要:API 閘道之擇(Kong 或 Traefik)
  • 必要:待代理之後端服務端點
  • 選擇性:認證提供者(OAuth2、OIDC、API 金鑰)
  • 選擇性:速率限需求(每分鐘/每時請求數)
  • 選擇性:自訂中介或外掛配置
  • 選擇性:HTTPS 端點之 TLS 憑證

步驟

Extended Examples 取完整配置檔與模板。

步驟一:裝 API 閘道

部署帶資料庫之閘道(Kong)或檔案式配置(Traefik)。

Kong 配 PostgreSQL:

# kong-deployment.yaml (excerpt - see EXAMPLES.md for complete file)
apiVersion: v1
kind: Namespace
metadata:
  name: kong
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: kong
  namespace: kong
spec:
  replicas: 2
  # ... (PostgreSQL, migrations, services - see EXAMPLES.md)

Traefik:

# traefik-deployment.yaml (excerpt - see EXAMPLES.md for complete file)
apiVersion: v1
kind: Namespace
metadata:
  name: traefik
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: traefik
  namespace: traefik
spec:
  replicas: 2
  # ... (RBAC, ConfigMap, services - see EXAMPLES.md)

EXAMPLES.md 取完整部署清單。

部署:

kubectl apply -f kong-deployment.yaml  # OR traefik-deployment.yaml
kubectl wait --for=condition=ready pod -l app=kong -n kong --timeout=300s
kubectl get svc -n kong kong-proxy  # Get load balancer IP

預期: 閘道 pod 以 2 replicas 運行。負載均衡服務有外部 IP。Admin API 可達(Kong:port 8001,Traefik:dashboard port 8080)。健康檢查通過。

失敗時:

  • 查 pod 日誌:kubectl logs -n kong -l app=kong
  • 驗資料庫連接(Kong):kubectl logs -n kong kong-migrations-<hash>
  • 查服務帳戶權限(Traefik):kubectl get clusterrolebinding traefik -o yaml
  • 確 port 未被占:kubectl get svc --all-namespaces | grep 8000

步驟二:配後端服務與路由

定義上游服務並建路由以暴露 API。

Kong(以 decK 行宣告式配置):

# Install decK CLI
curl -sL https://github.com/Kong/deck/releases/download/v1.28.0/deck_1.28.0_linux_amd64.tar.gz | tar -xz
sudo mv deck /usr/local/bin/

# Create kong.yaml with services, routes, upstreams
# (see EXAMPLES.md for complete configuration)
deck sync --kong-addr http://localhost:8001 -s kong.yaml
curl -i http://localhost:8001/routes  # Verify routes

Traefik(以 IngressRoute CRD):

# traefik-routes.yaml (excerpt)
apiVersion: traefik.io/v1alpha1
kind: IngressRoute
metadata:
  name: user-api-route
spec:
  entryPoints: [websecure]
  routes:
  - match: Host(`api.example.com`) && PathPrefix(`/api/users`)
    # ... (see EXAMPLES.md for full configuration)

施路由:

kubectl apply -f traefik-routes.yaml
curl -H "Host: api.example.com" https://GATEWAY_IP/api/users

EXAMPLES.md 取完整路由配置。

預期: 路由正確代理至後端服務。加權路由依配置分發流量。健康檢查監後端服務健康。

失敗時:

  • 驗後端服務運行:kubectl get svc -n default
  • 查 DNS 解析:kubectl run test --rm -it --image=busybox -- nslookup user-service.default.svc.cluster.local
  • 審閘道日誌:kubectl logs -n kong -l app=kong --tail=50
  • 驗配置:deck validate -s kong.yaml

步驟三:實行認證與授權

配認證外掛/中介以行 API 安全。

Kong(API 金鑰與 JWT 認證):

# kong-auth-config.yaml (excerpt)
consumers:
- username: mobile-app
  custom_id: app-001

keyauth_credentials:
- consumer: mobile-app
  key: mobile-secret-key-123

plugins:
- name: key-auth
  service: user-api
  # ... (see EXAMPLES.md for full configuration)
deck sync --kong-addr http://localhost:8001 -s kong-auth-config.yaml
curl -i -H "apikey: mobile-secret-key-123" http://GATEWAY_IP/api/users

Traefik(BasicAuth 與 ForwardAuth 中介):

# traefik-auth-middleware.yaml (excerpt)
apiVersion: traefik.io/v1alpha1
kind: Middleware
metadata:
  name: basic-auth-middleware
spec:
  basicAuth:
    secret: basic-auth
    removeHeader: true
# ... (see EXAMPLES.md for OAuth2, rate limiting)
kubectl apply -f traefik-auth-middleware.yaml
curl -u user1:password https://GATEWAY_IP/api/protected

EXAMPLES.md 取完整認證配置。

預期: 未認證之請求返 401。有效憑證允入。速率限超閾值返 429。JWT 令牌正確驗證。ACL 執行組權限。

失敗時:

  • 驗 consumer 建:curl http://localhost:8001/consumers
  • 查外掛啟:curl http://localhost:8001/plugins | jq .
  • curl -v 觀回應頭
  • 驗 JWT:用 jwt.io 解碼令牌

步驟四:配請求/回應轉換

加中介以轉請求與回應。

Kong:

# kong-transformations.yaml (excerpt)
plugins:
- name: request-transformer
  service: user-api
  config:
    add:
      headers: [X-Gateway-Version:1.0, X-Request-ID:$(uuid)]
    remove:
      headers: [X-Internal-Token]
- name: correlation-id
  # ... (see EXAMPLES.md for full configuration)
deck sync --kong-addr http://localhost:8001 -s kong-transformations.yaml

Traefik:

# traefik-transformations.yaml (excerpt)
apiVersion: traefik.io/v1alpha1
kind: Middleware
metadata:
  name: add-headers
spec:
  headers:
    customRequestHeaders:
      X-Gateway-Version: "1.0"
    # ... (see EXAMPLES.md for circuit breaker, retry, chain)
kubectl apply -f traefik-transformations.yaml
curl -v https://GATEWAY_IP/api/users | grep X-Gateway

EXAMPLES.md 取完整轉換配置。

預期: 請求頭依配置加/除。回應頭含閘道元資料。大請求以 413 拒。斷路器於屢敗時觸。瞬錯時行重試。

失敗時:

  • 驗中介鏈序
  • 查與後端服務之頭衝突
  • 鏈前獨立測各轉換
  • 審轉換錯之日誌

步驟五:啟監控與分析

配指標、日誌、儀表板以得 API 可見性。

Kong 監控設:

# kong-monitoring.yaml (excerpt)
plugins:
- name: prometheus
  config:
    per_consumer: true
- name: http-log
  service: user-api
  # ... (see EXAMPLES.md for Datadog, file-log configuration)
deck sync --kong-addr http://localhost:8001 -s kong-monitoring.yaml

# Deploy ServiceMonitor (see EXAMPLES.md)
kubectl apply -f kong-servicemonitor.yaml
curl http://localhost:8100/metrics

Traefik 監控(內建):

# ServiceMonitor (excerpt - see EXAMPLES.md for Grafana dashboard)
apiVersion: monitoring.coreos.com/v1
kind: ServiceMonitor
metadata:
  name: traefik-metrics
spec:
  endpoints:
  - port: metrics
    path: /metrics
    interval: 30s
kubectl port-forward -n traefik svc/traefik-dashboard 8080:8080
# Open http://localhost:8080/dashboard/

EXAMPLES.md 取完整監控配置。

預期: Prometheus 成功爬閘道指標。儀表板顯請求率、延遲百分位、錯誤率。日誌轉至聚合系統。指標依服務、路由、consumer 分。

失敗時:

  • 驗 ServiceMonitor:kubectl get servicemonitor -A
  • 於 UI 中查 Prometheus 目標
  • 確指標 port 可達:kubectl port-forward -n kong svc/kong-metrics 8100:8100
  • 驗日誌端點可達

步驟六:實行 API 版本控制與棄用

配版本管理與優雅 API 棄用。

Kong 版本策:

# kong-versioning.yaml (excerpt)
services:
- name: user-api-v1
  url: http://user-service-v1.default.svc.cluster.local:8080
  routes:
  - name: user-v1-route
    paths: [/api/v1/users]
  plugins:
  - name: response-transformer
    config:
      add:
        headers:
        - X-Deprecation-Notice:"API v1 deprecated on 2024-12-31"
        - Sunset:"Wed, 31 Dec 2024 23:59:59 GMT"
# ... (see EXAMPLES.md for v2, default routing, rate limits)

Traefik 版本控制:

# traefik-versioning.yaml (excerpt)
apiVersion: traefik.io/v1alpha1
kind: Middleware
metadata:
  name: v1-deprecation-headers
spec:
  headers:
    customResponseHeaders:
      X-Deprecation-Notice: "API v1 deprecated on 2024-12-31"
# ... (see EXAMPLES.md for complete IngressRoutes)

測版本控制:

curl -i https://api.example.com/api/v1/users  # Deprecated
curl -i https://api.example.com/api/v2/users  # Current
curl -i https://api.example.com/api/users     # Routes to v2

EXAMPLES.md 取完整版本配置。

預期: 不同版本路由至對應後端服務。v1 回應上有棄用頭。已棄版本之速率限更嚴。預設路徑路由至最新版本。指標依 API 版本分。

失敗時:

  • 驗路徑優先/次序配置(高優先=先求值)
  • 查重疊之路徑模式
  • 獨立測每版本路由
  • 審路由日誌之路徑匹配
  • 確每版本之後端服務運行

驗證

  • API 閘道 pod 以多 replicas 行以得 HA
  • 負載均衡服務有外部 IP
  • 路由正確代理流量至後端服務
  • 認證/授權行使存取控制(401/403 回應)
  • 速率限超配額時返 429
  • 請求/回應轉換正確加/除頭
  • 斷路器於屢後端敗時觸
  • 指標暴露且為 Prometheus 爬
  • 儀表板顯請求率、延遲、錯
  • API 版本控制路由請求至正確後端版本
  • 棄用頭見於舊 API 版本
  • 健康檢查監後端服務可用

常見陷阱

  • 資料庫依賴(Kong):Kong 帶資料庫需 PostgreSQL/Cassandra。DB-less 模式可用但限某些功能(運行時配置改)。生產多閘道實例用 DB 模式。

  • 路徑匹配序:路由/IngressRoute 依特定序求值。更具體之路徑宜有更高優先。重疊之路徑致不可預路由。以 curl -v 驗實命中路由。

  • 認證繞過:確認證外掛施於所有路由。易加路由而無 auth。於服務級用預設外掛,後按路由覆。

  • 速率限範圍:速率限 policy: local 按每閘道 pod 計。跨 replicas 一致限須用集中式策(Redis)或黏著會話。

  • CORS 配置:API 閘道宜處 CORS,非各服務。早加 CORS 外掛/中介以免瀏覽器預檢敗。

  • SSL/TLS 終結:閘道通常終結 SSL。確憑證有效且配自動更新。Kubernetes 憑證管理用 cert-manager。

  • 上游健康檢查:配主動健康檢查以速偵後端敗。被動檢查靠實流量或較慢偵。

  • 外掛/中介執行序:序要。認證先於速率限(免為無效請求耗速率槽)。轉換先於日誌(記已轉之值)。

  • 資源限:閘道 pod 於負載下可耗大量 CPU。設合適之資源請求/限制。生產中監 CPU 限流。

  • 遷移策:勿一次啟所有外掛。漸進推展:路由 → 認證 → 速率限 → 轉換 → 進階功能。

相關技能

  • configure-ingress-networking - Ingress 控制器設補 API 閘道
  • setup-service-mesh - 服務網格供互補之東西向流量管理
  • manage-kubernetes-secrets - 閘道之憑證與憑據管理
  • setup-prometheus-monitoring - 閘道指標之監控整合
  • enforce-policy-as-code - 補閘道授權之策略執行

GitHub Repository

pjt222/agent-almanac
Path: i18n/wenyan-lite/skills/configure-api-gateway
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