造三維場

以 Python API（bpy）程設全 Blender 場。設場層、加網件、以點基 shader 造 PBR 材、位光與機、立境/世設。

用

• 造可重三維視場
• 自品視或築渲設
• 程生多場變
• 築批渲之模場
• 手精前試排
• 融三維視於數流或報系

入

行

一、設本構

建含正引與構之 Python 本：

#!/usr/bin/env python3
"""
Scene setup script for Blender.
Usage: blender --background --python setup_scene.py
"""

import bpy
import math
import os
from pathlib import Path

def clear_scene():
    """Remove all objects from the scene."""
    bpy.ops.object.select_all(action='SELECT')
    bpy.ops.object.delete(use_global=False)

    # Clear orphaned data
    for block in bpy.data.meshes:
        if block.users == 0:
            bpy.data.meshes.remove(block)

    for block in bpy.data.materials:
        if block.users == 0:
            bpy.data.materials.remove(block)

def main():
    clear_scene()
    # Scene setup steps follow

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

得： 本含 clear_scene() 與 main() 敗： 察 Python 文法、驗 bpy 於 Blender 境中可引

二、加網件

建原或引網件：

def add_objects():
    """Add mesh objects to scene."""
    # Add cube
    bpy.ops.mesh.primitive_cube_add(
        size=2.0,
        location=(0, 0, 1)
    )
    cube = bpy.context.active_object
    cube.name = "Product_Base"

    # Add sphere
    bpy.ops.mesh.primitive_uv_sphere_add(
        radius=1.0,
        segments=32,
        ring_count=16,
        location=(3, 0, 1)
    )
    sphere = bpy.context.active_object
    sphere.name = "Detail_Sphere"

    # Import external model (optional)
    # bpy.ops.import_scene.obj(filepath="model.obj")

    return cube, sphere

得： 件現於場，名與位正 敗： 察操文法、驗坐、保名無衝

三、以點基 shader 造材

用 shader 點設 PBR 材：

def create_material(name, base_color, metallic=0.0, roughness=0.5):
    """Create a PBR material with node setup."""
    # Create material
    mat = bpy.data.materials.new(name=name)
    mat.use_nodes = True
    nodes = mat.node_tree.nodes
    links = mat.node_tree.links

    # Clear default nodes
    nodes.clear()

    # Add Principled BSDF
    node_bsdf = nodes.new(type='ShaderNodeBsdfPrincipled')
    node_bsdf.location = (0, 0)
    node_bsdf.inputs['Base Color'].default_value = base_color + (1.0,)  # Add alpha
    node_bsdf.inputs['Metallic'].default_value = metallic
    node_bsdf.inputs['Roughness'].default_value = roughness

    # Add Material Output
    node_output = nodes.new(type='ShaderNodeOutputMaterial')
    node_output.location = (300, 0)

    # Link nodes
    links.new(node_bsdf.outputs['BSDF'], node_output.inputs['Surface'])

    return mat

def apply_materials(cube, sphere):
    """Apply materials to objects."""
    # Create materials
    mat_red = create_material("RedPlastic", (0.8, 0.1, 0.1), metallic=0.0, roughness=0.4)
    mat_metal = create_material("Metal", (0.8, 0.8, 0.8), metallic=1.0, roughness=0.2)

    # Assign to objects
    if cube.data.materials:
        cube.data.materials[0] = mat_red
    else:
        cube.data.materials.append(mat_red)

    if sphere.data.materials:
        sphere.data.materials[0] = mat_metal
    else:
        sphere.data.materials.append(mat_metal)

得： 材顯於 shader 編輯器含正點連 敗： 察點型存、驗連文法、保色值於 [0,1]

四、設光

配光以照場：

def setup_lighting():
    """Add lights to scene."""
    # Sun light
    bpy.ops.object.light_add(
        type='SUN',
        location=(5, 5, 10)
    )
    sun = bpy.context.active_object
    sun.name = "KeyLight"
    sun.data.energy = 3.0
    sun.rotation_euler = (math.radians(45), 0, math.radians(45))

    # Area light (fill light)
    bpy.ops.object.light_add(
        type='AREA',
        location=(-4, -4, 6)
    )
    area = bpy.context.active_object
    area.name = "FillLight"
    area.data.energy = 200.0
    area.data.size = 5.0
    area.rotation_euler = (math.radians(60), 0, math.radians(-135))

    # Point light (rim light)
    bpy.ops.object.light_add(
        type='POINT',
        location=(2, -5, 3)
    )
    point = bpy.context.active_object
    point.name = "RimLight"
    point.data.energy = 500.0

得： 三光含合強與位 敗： 按渲擎調能值、察旋式

五、位機

設機含正框：

def setup_camera():
    """Add and configure camera."""
    bpy.ops.object.camera_add(
        location=(7, -7, 5)
    )
    camera = bpy.context.active_object
    camera.name = "MainCamera"

    # Point camera at origin
    direction = (0, 0, 1) - camera.location
    rot_quat = direction.to_track_quat('-Z', 'Y')
    camera.rotation_euler = rot_quat.to_euler()

    # Camera settings
    camera.data.lens = 50  # Focal length in mm
    camera.data.dof.use_dof = True
    camera.data.dof.focus_distance = 10.0
    camera.data.dof.aperture_fstop = 2.8

    # Set as active camera
    bpy.context.scene.camera = camera

得： 機位含正焦距與 DOF 敗： track_to 敗→用簡旋法、驗鏡單

六、設世境

配世 shader 與背：

def setup_world():
    """Configure world environment."""
    world = bpy.data.worlds['World']
    world.use_nodes = True
    nodes = world.node_tree.nodes
    links = world.node_tree.links

    # Clear default nodes
    nodes.clear()

    # Add Environment Texture (for HDRI)
    node_env = nodes.new(type='ShaderNodeTexEnvironment')
    node_env.location = (-300, 0)

    # Load HDRI if available
    hdri_path = "/path/to/hdri.exr"
    if os.path.exists(hdri_path):
        node_env.image = bpy.data.images.load(hdri_path)

    # Add Background shader
    node_bg = nodes.new(type='ShaderNodeBackground')
    node_bg.location = (0, 0)
    node_bg.inputs['Strength'].default_value = 1.0

    # Add World Output
    node_output = nodes.new(type='ShaderNodeOutputWorld')
    node_output.location = (300, 0)

    # Link nodes
    links.new(node_env.outputs['Color'], node_bg.inputs['Color'])
    links.new(node_bg.outputs['Background'], node_output.inputs['Surface'])

得： 世 shader 含 HDRI 或純背 敗： 檔缺→略 HDRI 載，獨用 Background 含色

七、設渲參

立基渲參：

def setup_render_settings():
    """Configure render settings."""
    scene = bpy.context.scene

    # Render engine
    scene.render.engine = 'CYCLES'  # or 'BLENDER_EEVEE'
    scene.cycles.samples = 128
    scene.cycles.use_denoising = True

    # Output settings
    scene.render.resolution_x = 1920
    scene.render.resolution_y = 1080
    scene.render.resolution_percentage = 100

    # File format
    scene.render.image_settings.file_format = 'PNG'
    scene.render.image_settings.color_mode = 'RGBA'
    scene.render.image_settings.color_depth = '16'
    scene.render.filepath = "/tmp/render_"

得： 渲參已配、可渲 敗： 察擎名、驗解值為正整

八、組場層

建組以理：

def organize_collections():
    """Organize objects into collections."""
    # Create collections
    col_geometry = bpy.data.collections.new("Geometry")
    col_lights = bpy.data.collections.new("Lights")
    col_cameras = bpy.data.collections.new("Cameras")

    # Link to scene
    bpy.context.scene.collection.children.link(col_geometry)
    bpy.context.scene.collection.children.link(col_lights)
    bpy.context.scene.collection.children.link(col_cameras)

    # Move objects to collections
    for obj in bpy.data.objects:
        # Unlink from main collection
        bpy.context.scene.collection.objects.unlink(obj)

        # Link to appropriate collection
        if obj.type == 'MESH':
            col_geometry.objects.link(obj)
        elif obj.type == 'LIGHT':
            col_lights.objects.link(obj)
        elif obj.type == 'CAMERA':
            col_cameras.objects.link(obj)

得： 件組於名組中便理 敗： 建前察組存、理孤件

驗

• 本於 Blender 背模中無誤行
• 諸件於場輪廓中
• 材於 shader 編輯器顯正色與性
• 機位含件於框
• 光足（試渲）
• 世境正載
• 渲參合出需
• 場以組理組
• 無孤數塊
• 本含 clear_scene() 為重現

忌

1. 件名衝：用獨名、建前察存
2. 色式誤：RGB 須為元 (r, g, b, a) 於 [0,1]
3. 缺 alpha：設色含 alpha：(r, g, b, 1.0)
4. 點連誤：連前驗點型含入出
5. 機非活：須 bpy.context.scene.camera = camera_object
6. 相與絕路：用絕路或 Path() 跨平台
7. 單惑：Blender 默米、機鏡米厘
8. 旋式：用 math.radians() 度轉弧
9. 渲擎異：EEVEE 與 Cycles 特與參異
10. 存漏：清孤塊防批中存積

參

• script-blender-automation：程模與批操之進本模
• render-blender-output：設渲流與行渲
• create-2d-composition：二維像構之類本法