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configure-nginx

pjt222
Updated 5 days ago
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About

This skill configures Nginx as a production-ready web server and reverse proxy. It enables static file serving, SSL/TLS termination with Let's Encrypt, load balancing, and proxying to backend services like Node.js or Python. Use it to harden endpoints with security headers and rate limiting when deploying web applications.

Quick Install

Claude Code

Recommended
Primary
npx skills add pjt222/agent-almanac -a claude-code
Plugin CommandAlternative
/plugin add https://github.com/pjt222/agent-almanac
Git CloneAlternative
git clone https://github.com/pjt222/agent-almanac.git ~/.claude/skills/configure-nginx

Copy and paste this command in Claude Code to install this skill

Documentation

設 Nginx

設 Nginx 為網伺與反代附 SSL 終與安固。

用時

  • 產中供靜檔(HTML、CSS、JS)
  • 反代於後服(Node.js、Python、Go、R/Shiny)
  • 以 Let's Encrypt 終 SSL/TLS
  • 諸後例間載衡
  • 加率限與安頭

  • :部之目(Docker 容或裸機)
  • :代之後服(host:port)
  • 可選:SSL 之域名
  • 可選:靜檔目

第一步:基反代

nginx.conf

events {
    worker_connections 1024;
}

http {
    upstream app {
        server app:3000;
    }

    server {
        listen 80;
        server_name example.com;

        location / {
            proxy_pass http://app;
            proxy_set_header Host $host;
            proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
            proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
            proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
        }
    }
}

Docker Compose 服:

services:
  nginx:
    image: nginx:1.27-alpine
    ports:
      - "80:80"
      - "443:443"
    volumes:
      - ./nginx.conf:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf:ro
    depends_on:
      - app

得: 至 80 埠之請轉於 app 服。

第二步:靜檔之供

server {
    listen 80;
    root /usr/share/nginx/html;
    index index.html;

    location / {
        try_files $uri $uri/ /index.html;
    }

    location /assets/ {
        expires 1y;
        add_header Cache-Control "public, immutable";
    }

    location ~* \.(js|css|png|jpg|jpeg|gif|ico|svg|woff2?)$ {
        expires 6M;
        add_header Cache-Control "public";
    }
}

第三步:SSL/TLS 以 Let's Encrypt

用 certbot 之 webroot 法:

server {
    listen 80;
    server_name example.com;

    location /.well-known/acme-challenge/ {
        root /var/www/certbot;
    }

    location / {
        return 301 https://$host$request_uri;
    }
}

server {
    listen 443 ssl;
    server_name example.com;

    ssl_certificate /etc/letsencrypt/live/example.com/fullchain.pem;
    ssl_certificate_key /etc/letsencrypt/live/example.com/privkey.pem;

    ssl_protocols TLSv1.2 TLSv1.3;
    ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;

    location / {
        proxy_pass http://app;
        proxy_set_header Host $host;
        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
    }
}

Docker Compose 附 certbot:

services:
  nginx:
    image: nginx:1.27-alpine
    ports:
      - "80:80"
      - "443:443"
    volumes:
      - ./nginx.conf:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf:ro
      - certbot-webroot:/var/www/certbot:ro
      - certbot-certs:/etc/letsencrypt:ro

  certbot:
    image: certbot/certbot
    volumes:
      - certbot-webroot:/var/www/certbot
      - certbot-certs:/etc/letsencrypt

volumes:
  certbot-webroot:
  certbot-certs:

初證:

docker compose run --rm certbot certonly \
  --webroot -w /var/www/certbot \
  -d example.com --email [email protected] --agree-tos

得: HTTPS 附有效 Let's Encrypt 證行。

敗則: 察 DNS 指伺。驗 80 埠為 ACME 挑戰開。

第四步:安頭

server {
    # ... SSL config above ...

    add_header X-Frame-Options "SAMEORIGIN" always;
    add_header X-Content-Type-Options "nosniff" always;
    add_header X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block" always;
    add_header Referrer-Policy "strict-origin-when-cross-origin" always;
    add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=63072000; includeSubDomains" always;
    add_header Content-Security-Policy "default-src 'self'; script-src 'self'; style-src 'self' 'unsafe-inline';" always;

    # Hide Nginx version
    server_tokens off;
}

第五步:率限

http {
    # Define rate limit zones
    limit_req_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=api:10m rate=10r/s;
    limit_req_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=login:10m rate=1r/s;

    server {
        location /api/ {
            limit_req zone=api burst=20 nodelay;
            proxy_pass http://app;
        }

        location /login {
            limit_req zone=login burst=5;
            proxy_pass http://app;
        }
    }
}

第六步:載衡

upstream app {
    least_conn;
    server app1:3000;
    server app2:3000;
    server app3:3000 backup;
}
MethodDirectiveBehavior
Round robin(default)Equal distribution
Least connectionsleast_connRoutes to least busy
IP haship_hashSticky sessions
Weightedserver app:3000 weight=3Proportional

第七步:試設

# Test config syntax
docker compose exec nginx nginx -t

# Reload without downtime
docker compose exec nginx nginx -s reload

# Check response headers
curl -I https://example.com

得: nginx -t 報法 OK。頭含安頭。

  • nginx -t 報設有效
  • HTTP 重至 HTTPS(若 SSL 啟)
  • 後服經代可達
  • 應中含安頭
  • 過請觸率限
  • SSL Labs 試 A+(若公)

  • proxy_set_header Host:後受誤主頭,破虛主與重。
  • location 序要:Nginx 用最特配。精(=)> 前綴(^~)> 正則(~)> 通前綴。
  • SSL 證之更:設 cron 或計時行 certbot renew 而重載 Nginx。
  • 大請體:默 client_max_body_size 為 1MB。傳大增之:client_max_body_size 50m;
  • WebSocket 代:需額頭。見 configure-reverse-proxy 之式。

  • configure-reverse-proxy - 多具代之式含 WebSocket 與 Traefik
  • setup-compose-stack - 含 Nginx 之 compose 棧
  • deploy-searxng - 以 Nginx 為 SearXNG 前
  • configure-ingress-networking - K8s 入(NGINX Ingress 控)

GitHub Repository

pjt222/agent-almanac
Path: i18n/wenyan/skills/configure-nginx
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