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develop-gc-method

pjt222
Updated 6 days ago
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About

This Claude Skill helps developers create gas chromatography methods from scratch by defining analytical objectives and optimizing separation parameters. It guides users through column selection, temperature programming, and detector configuration for target analytes in specific matrices. The skill is particularly useful for developing new methods, adapting published protocols, or replacing outdated separation approaches.

Quick Install

Claude Code

Recommended
Primary
npx skills add pjt222/agent-almanac -a claude-code
Plugin CommandAlternative
/plugin add https://github.com/pjt222/agent-almanac
Git CloneAlternative
git clone https://github.com/pjt222/agent-almanac.git ~/.claude/skills/develop-gc-method

Copy and paste this command in Claude Code to install this skill

Documentation

立氣相層析之法

從始建氣相層析法:定析標、擇柱化、優溫程、擇載氣與檢、驗初效於定基質之分析物。

  • 新立易揮或半揮化合物之 GC 析
  • 改published 法至異器或基質
  • 替舊法已不足之效
  • 為已知沸點與極性之物立法
  • 由填充柱法轉毛細管法

  • 目分析物:化合物名單(CAS 號、分子量、沸點)
  • 樣基質:樣類述(空氣、水萃、溶劑液、生液)
  • 檢測限:各分析物所需 LOD/LOQ

  • 參考法:published 法(EPA、ASTM、藥典)為起點
  • 可用柱:已有之柱錄
  • 儀配:GC 型、可用檢、自動進樣
  • 通量求:單樣可接之最長運時
  • 規約:GLP、GMP、EPA 或他合規

一:定析標

  1. 列諸目分析物及其物性(沸點、極性、分子量)
  2. 識樣基質及預期干擾或共萃物
  3. 定檢限、定量域、及關鍵對之分辨求
  4. 斷法宜符規範(EPA 8260、USP 等)
  5. 記通量需:最長運時、進樣量、樣備之限

得:書定規格,列分析物、基質、檢限、分辨求、諸規或通量之限。

敗:揮性數缺→由結構類推沸點或用中極柱探行以立洗脫序。

二:擇柱

依分析物極性及分離難度擇柱尺與固定相。

Column TypeStationary PhasePolarityTypical Use Cases
DB-1 / HP-1100% dimethylpolysiloxaneNon-polarHydrocarbons, solvents, general screening
DB-5 / HP-55% phenyl-methylpolysiloxaneLow polaritySemi-volatiles, EPA 8270, drugs of abuse
DB-170114% cyanopropylphenylMid polarityPesticides, herbicides
DB-WAX / HP-INNOWaxPolyethylene glycolPolarAlcohols, fatty acids, flavors, essential oils
DB-6246% cyanopropylphenylMid polarityVolatile organics, EPA 624/8260
DB-FFAPModified PEG (nitroterephthalic acid)Highly polarOrganic acids, free fatty acids
DB-3535% phenyl-methylpolysiloxaneMid-low polarityPolychlorinated biphenyls, confirmatory column
  1. 分析物極性配固定相:相似者溶相似者
  2. 擇柱長(15-60 m):長則塔數多但運時長
  3. 擇內徑(0.25-0.53 mm):窄則效佳,寬則容大
  4. 擇膜厚(0.25-5.0 um):厚則留揮物更久
  5. 複雜基質→考護柱或保留間隙

得:柱規(相、長、ID、膜厚),由分析物性及分離求而證。

敗:無單柱能分諸關鍵對→計正交選擇性之確認柱(如 DB-1 主,DB-WAX 確)。

三:優溫程

  1. 初爐溫置於最揮分析物沸點之下(留 1-2 分以聚焦溶劑)
  2. 施線升:
    • 簡合:10-20 C/分
    • 雜合:3-8 C/分以勝分辨
    • 超快篩:短薄膜柱 25-40 C/分
  3. 末溫設於最不揮分析物沸點之上 10-20 C
  4. 末留(2-5 分)以保全洗脫及柱烘
  5. 共洗關鍵對→於洗脫前插等溫留,或減該區升率
  6. 驗總運時符通量

得:溫程(初、留、升率、末、末留)分諸分析物於可接運時內。

敗:關鍵對升率優後仍不分→返步二重擇柱,或用多升率(問題區慢)。

四:擇載氣

PropertyHelium (He)Hydrogen (H2)Nitrogen (N2)
Optimal linear velocity20-40 cm/s30-60 cm/s10-20 cm/s
Efficiency at high flowGoodBest (flat van Deemter)Poor
Speed advantageBaseline1.5-2x faster than HeSlowest
SafetyInertFlammable (needs leak detection)Inert
Cost / availabilityExpensive, supply concernsLow cost, generator optionVery low cost
Detector compatibilityAll detectorsNot with ECD; caution with some MSAll detectors
  1. 通用及定指 He 之規範法→默認氦
  2. 求快或氦供緊→考氫;裝氫專漏偵及安聯
  3. 僅簡分離或價為主→用氮
  4. 設載流至所擇氣及柱 ID 之最佳線速
  5. 以無留化合物(如 FID 之甲烷)測實線速

得:載氣已擇,流設最佳線速,由無留峰驗。

敗:設流下效低預期→用 5-7 流率作 van Deemter 曲線(塔高 vs 線速)以得真最佳。

五:擇檢

DetectorSelectivitySensitivity (approx.)Linear RangeBest For
FIDC-H bonds (universal organic)Low pg C/s10^7Hydrocarbons, general organics, quantitation
TCDUniversal (all compounds)Low ng10^5Permanent gases, bulk analysis
ECDElectronegative groups (halogens, nitro)Low fg (Cl compounds)10^4Pesticides, PCBs, halogenated solvents
NPD/FPDN, P (NPD); S, P (FPD)Low pg10^4-10^5Organophosphorus pesticides, sulfur compounds
MS (EI)Structural identificationLow pg (scan), fg (SIM)10^5-10^6Unknowns, confirmation, trace analysis
MS/MSHighest selectivityfg range10^5Complex matrices, ultra-trace, forensic
  1. 檢配分析物化學及所需靈敏
  2. 簡基質定量→FID 為默認(堅、線、少修)
  3. 複基質痕量析→SIM 之 MS 或 MRM 之 MS/MS
  4. 鹵化痕量→ECD 最靈敏
  5. 檢溫設於最高爐溫之上 20-50 C 以防凝
  6. 檢氣流按廠商建議優

得:檢已擇並設合適溫與氣流以符目分析物。

敗:檢靈敏不足於所求限→考濃樣(大進量、溶發)或換更靈敏/選擇之檢。

六:驗初效

  1. 備含諸目分析物於中濃之系統適用標
  2. 連進 6 次
  3. 評:
    • 留時 RSD:宜 < 1.0%
    • 峰面 RSD:宜 < 2.0%(痕量 < 5.0%)
    • 關鍵對分辨:Rs >= 1.5(基線)或規範法 >= 2.0
    • 峰拖因:0.8-1.5(USP T <= 2.0)
    • 塔數 (N):驗符柱廠規
  4. 進空白以確無殘留或鬼峰
  5. 進基質空白以識潛在干擾於目留時
  6. 諸參記於法摘

得:諸分析物符系統適用於重複進樣,目留窗無殘留或基質干擾。

敗:現拖尾→查活位(重調柱、剪進口 0.5 m、換內管)。RSD 超限→查自動進樣精及進法。分辨不足→返步三優溫程。

  • 諸目分析物分離,關鍵對 Rs >= 1.5
  • 6 次重複留時 RSD < 1.0%
  • 6 次重複峰面 RSD < 2.0%
  • 諸分析物拖因在 0.8-1.5
  • 空白進無殘留逾工作濃 0.1%
  • 基質空白目留窗無干擾
  • 總運時符通量
  • 法參盡記(柱、溫、流、檢設)

  • 略柱流失溫限:運行於固定相最高等溫之上→基線升、鬼峰、柱速降→常查柱規
  • 進樣過大:溶過多致早洗脫物前拖及分辨差→配進量於柱容(0.25 mm ID 柱分流常 0.5-2 uL)
  • 錯內管配進模:不分流須單錐或雙錐去活內管;分流用含玻棉內管。錯配致重現差
  • 略墊片及內管維:墊片心塊及內管污為鬼峰拖尾之首因→每 50-100 進換墊,內管按記排程換
  • 略 van Deemter 優:用廠商默認流率而非實測最佳→廢效,尤換載氣時
  • 柱調不足:新柱宜調(載氣下升至最高溫,無檢)以去製造殘前可用

  • develop-hplc-method
  • interpret-chromatogram
  • troubleshoot-separation
  • validate-analytical-method

GitHub Repository

pjt222/agent-almanac
Path: i18n/wenyan-ultra/skills/develop-gc-method
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