select-print-material
About
This skill helps developers select appropriate 3D printing materials by comparing the mechanical, thermal, and chemical properties of common filaments and resins. Use it when designing parts with specific performance requirements, evaluating materials for outdoor or chemical exposure, or troubleshooting print failures. It provides actionable comparisons between materials like PLA, PETG, ABS, and nylon to balance printability with application needs.
Quick Install
Claude Code
Recommendednpx skills add pjt222/agent-almanac -a claude-code/plugin add https://github.com/pjt222/agent-almanacgit clone https://github.com/pjt222/agent-almanac.git ~/.claude/skills/select-print-materialCopy and paste this command in Claude Code to install this skill
Documentation
擇印之材
依機械、熱、化之求,擇 3D 印之材。涵 PLA、PETG、ABS、ASA、TPU、Nylon、與樹脂諸變,附性之比。
用時
- 部件有特機械之求(拉強、衝擊、彈)擇材乃用
- 為溫敏之應用(熱境、冷境)擇材乃用
- 部件曝化、紫外、外候者乃用
- 食安或生相容之應用乃用
- 原型 vs 生產之印性與性能權衡乃用
- 材所致之印敗或部件性能之察乃用
- 生產之費 vs 性之優乃用
入
- functional_requirements:載類(拉、壓、彎、扭)、量、循
- environmental_conditions:操溫範、紫外曝、化觸、濕
- mechanical_properties_needed:強、彈、衝擊、疲耐
- surface_finish:外觀求、後處之計
- printability_constraints:印之能(熱床、罩)、用之驗
- special_requirements:食安、生相容、電絕、透
法
一、識首要之求類
定主導材擇之求:
機械性能:
- 載下之高強
- 衝/震之吸
- 彈或彈性之為
- 疲耐(重載)
境之耐:
- 高/低溫之曝
- 紫外/外候
- 化耐(溶、油、酸)
- 濕/水之曝
特殊應用:
- 食觸之安
- 生相容(醫)
- 電性(絕、導)
- 光性(透、色)
印性/費:
- 原型印之易
- 翹/支之少
- 大件之低材費
- 廣可得
得:首要之求已識(如「外候紫外耐」或「高衝擊強」)。
敗則:諸求皆要,用決矩陣依求評材(參第六步)。
二、施材擇之濾
依求濾候材:
濾一:程類
- FDM 可:諸熱塑(PLA、PETG、ABS、ASA、TPU、Nylon)
- SLA 可:諸樹脂(標、堅、彈、可鑄、高溫)
- 印之限:熱床(60-110°C)需於 ABS/ASA/Nylon;罩需於 ABS/ASA
濾二:溫範
Operating Temperature → Minimum Material Glass Transition (Tg):
< 45°C: PLA, PLA+, Standard Resin, Tough Resin
< 60°C: PETG, Flexible Resin
< 80°C: ABS, ASA, CPE
< 100°C: Nylon, Polycarbonate, High-Temp Resin
> 100°C: PEEK, PEI (Ultem) - specialty printers only
濾三:機械之求
High tensile strength: Nylon > ABS/ASA > PETG > PLA > TPU
High impact resistance: Nylon > PETG > ABS > ASA > PLA
Flexibility: TPU > Flexible Resin > PLA (brittle)
Fatigue resistance: Nylon > PETG > ABS > PLA
濾四:境
UV resistance: ASA > PETG > ABS > PLA (poor)
Chemical resistance: Nylon > PETG > ABS/ASA > PLA
Outdoor durability: ASA > Nylon > PETG > PLA (degrades)
Moisture resistance: ABS/ASA > PETG > PLA > Nylon (hygroscopic)
得:濾後留 2-5 候材。
敗則:無材過諸濾,鬆最不要之求,或考後處(如 PLA 之 UV 塗)。
三、比材性
察材性表為詳比:
FDM 絲材性
| 材 | 印溫 | 床溫 | 拉強 | 伸長 | Tg/HDT | 紫外耐 | 易 | 吸濕 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PLA | 190-220°C | 50-60°C | 50-70 MPa | 5-7% | 55-60°C | 差 | 易 | 低 |
| PLA+ | 200-230°C | 50-60°C | 60-75 MPa | 10-15% | 60-65°C | 差 | 易 | 低 |
| PETG | 220-250°C | 70-85°C | 50-60 MPa | 15-20% | 75-80°C | 良 | 中 | 中 |
| ABS | 230-260°C | 95-110°C | 40-50 MPa | 20-40% | 95-105°C | 可 | 難 | 低 |
| ASA | 240-260°C | 95-110°C | 45-55 MPa | 15-30% | 95-105°C | 優 | 難 | 低 |
| TPU | 210-230°C | 40-60°C | 30-50 MPa | 400-600% | 60-80°C | 良 | 中 | 低 |
| Nylon | 240-270°C | 70-90°C | 70-80 MPa | 50-150% | 75-90°C | 優 | 難 | 甚高 |
注:
- 拉強:愈高 = 拉載下愈強
- 伸長:愈高 = 破前愈彈
- Tg/HDT:玻轉/熱變溫(最大操溫)
- 易:印之難(翹、附、拉絲、支)
- 吸濕:自氣吸水(需乾盒存)
SLA 樹脂性
| 樹脂類 | 固時 | 拉強 | 伸長 | HDT | 硬 | 宜於 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 標準 | 2-4s | 45-55 MPa | 6-8% | 60-70°C | 82-85 Shore D | 微像、原型 |
| 堅 | 4-6s | 55-65 MPa | 15-25% | 70-80°C | 80-85 Shore D | 功件、卡扣 |
| 彈 | 6-8s | 5-10 MPa | 80-120% | 50-60°C | 60-70 Shore A | 墊、握 |
| 高溫 | 8-12s | 60-70 MPa | 6-10% | 120-150°C | 85-88 Shore D | 耐熱件 |
| 可鑄 | 3-5s | 35-45 MPa | 8-12% | 60°C | 80 Shore D | 珠寶(失蠟) |
得:材性已比,依求識 1-3 首候。
敗則:性不明,以 WebFetch 查廠之技術文檔。
四、量印性之權衡
量候材之印難 vs 性能:
印性諸素:
易(PLA、PLA+):
- 翹少、床附良
- 溫容寬
- 拉絲少、支易除
- 宜於初者與原型
- 權衡:耐溫低、紫外降、脆
中(PETG、TPU):
- 翹中(PETG 需 70°C+ 床)
- 微拉絲(調回抽)
- TPU 需直驅擠、慢速
- 強度與易之比良
- 權衡:PETG 易拉絲、TPU 難於懸
難(ABS、ASA、Nylon):
- 無罩則翹甚
- 重氣(ABS/ASA 需通風)
- Nylon 極吸濕(需乾盒)
- 高床溫(95-110°C)與室熱
- 權衡:機械與境性皆優
費之考:
Material cost per kg (typical):
PLA: $15-25
PETG: $20-30
ABS: $18-28
ASA: $25-35
TPU: $30-45
Nylon: $35-55
Standard Resin: $30-50/L
Specialty Resin: $60-150/L
得:印性已量於印之能與用之驗。決衡性能之需 vs 實之限。
敗則:材於當前設過難,擇易之代而以設計補(厚壁、圓角等)。
五、察特殊之求
驗材合特殊應用:
食安:
- 印正則安:PLA、PETG(附食安添)
- 永不食安:ABS、ASA(毒添)、Nylon(孔多、藏菌)
- 求:用食安之噴嘴(不鏽鋼,非黃銅),以食安之環氧封面
- 注:FDM 之層線藏菌——SLA 滑樹脂宜於食觸
生相容(醫/牙):
- FDM:Nylon(某等)、PLA(限)
- SLA:醫級樹脂(皮/組之認證)
- 戒:家 3D 印非滅菌;醫器諮規
電性:
- 絕:PLA、PETG、ABS、ASA 皆良絕(>10^14 Ω·m)
- 導:用導絲(碳黑、金屬填)
- 考:濕吸(Nylon)減絕
透:
- FDM:近不可能(層線散光);用甚薄壁或廣磨
- SLA:清樹脂可達透,附後處(磨/拋/塗)
紫外耐:
- 優:ASA(為外設)、Nylon
- 良:PETG、TPU
- 差:PLA(黃而降)、ABS(黃)
得:特求驗於材力。
敗則:材不合特求,施後處(如 PLA 之 UV 耐塗)或擇他材。
六、以決矩陣作終擇
依加權之準評諸候:
例:外功之件:
| 準 | 重 | PLA | PETG | ABS | ASA | Nylon |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 紫外耐 | 30% | 1 | 6 | 5 | 10 | 9 |
| 強 | 25% | 6 | 7 | 6 | 7 | 9 |
| 印性 | 20% | 10 | 7 | 4 | 3 | 3 |
| 溫 | 15% | 2 | 6 | 8 | 8 | 9 |
| 費 | 10% | 10 | 8 | 8 | 6 | 4 |
| 加權總 | 5.35 | 6.80 | 5.90 | 7.25 | 7.45 |
評:1(差)至 10(優)
決:Nylon 最高(7.45),然 ASA(7.25)近平且印性佳。擇 ASA 若印有罩,或 PETG(6.80)若印性要。
得:終材已擇,附書面之由依加權優。
敗則:決不明,FDM 默 PETG,SLA 默堅樹脂(最佳全圓妥)。
七、書材之設
錄材特之印設以後用:
FDM 設模:
material: PETG
brand: "PolyMaker PolyLite"
color: "Blue"
nozzle_temp: 245°C
bed_temp: 80°C
chamber_temp: ambient
print_speed: 50mm/s
retraction_distance: 4.5mm
retraction_speed: 40mm/s
cooling: 50% (after layer 3)
notes: "Strings moderately, Z-hop helps. Dried 6h at 65°C."
SLA 設模:
resin: "Anycubic Tough Resin"
color: "Clear"
layer_height: 0.05mm
exposure_time: 6s
bottom_exposure: 40s
lift_distance: 6mm
lift_speed: 65mm/min
notes: "Post-cure 15min at 60°C for full strength. Brittle without cure."
得:設書於項目之記或切片之配庫。
敗則:始於廠之議設,後反復而書成之變。
驗
- 首功求已識(機、境、特)
- 候材依程、溫、求濾
- 材性以參表或廠文檔比
- 印性量於印之能(床溫、罩、通風)
- 特求已察(食安、紫外耐、透等)
- 以加權決矩陣作終擇
- 材特印設書以重
- 計量之費與可得已驗
陷
- 諸事用 PLA:PLA 易,然不宜溫 >50°C、外用、或久耐
- 忽吸濕:Nylon 與 TPU 自氣吸水致泡、附差、脆——必用乾盒
- 無罩印 ABS:ABS 無熱室甚翹;ASA 微佳而仍需罩
- 假食安:FDM 件孔多藏菌;真食安需封面或用 SLA 滑樹脂
- 過設求強:PETG 足而用貴 Nylon;過殺費錢加印難
- 低估溫:近馬達、熱床、車內之件達 60°C+,PLA 軟
- 忽紫外:PLA 與 ABS 數月內陽光下黃而降;用 ASA 或塗紫外耐之飾
- 濕絲印:濕致擠中蒸泡、層附弱、拉絲——常乾吸濕之材
- 忽氣:ABS 與 ASA 排苯乙烯氣;需活通風(非僅開窗)
- 樹脂之處:未固樹脂為皮敏與毒;常戴手套於通風處作業
參
- prepare-print-model:為所擇材配切片設
- troubleshoot-print-issues:修材所致印敗(拉絲、翹、附)
- Dry Filament(未來技):吸濕材之乾程
- Post-Process 3D Prints(未來技):磨、蒸熏、塗、退火以進性
GitHub Repository
Related Skills
executing-plans
DesignUse the executing-plans skill when you have a complete implementation plan to execute in controlled batches with review checkpoints. It loads and critically reviews the plan, then executes tasks in small batches (default 3 tasks) while reporting progress between each batch for architect review. This ensures systematic implementation with built-in quality control checkpoints.
requesting-code-review
DesignThis skill dispatches a code-reviewer subagent to analyze code changes against requirements before proceeding. It should be used after completing tasks, implementing major features, or before merging to main. The review helps catch issues early by comparing the current implementation with the original plan.
connect-mcp-server
DesignThis skill provides a comprehensive guide for developers to connect MCP servers to Claude Code using HTTP, stdio, or SSE transports. It covers installation, configuration, authentication, and security for integrating external services like GitHub, Notion, and custom APIs. Use it when setting up MCP integrations, configuring external tools, or working with Claude's Model Context Protocol.
web-cli-teleport
DesignThis skill helps developers choose between Claude Code Web and CLI interfaces based on task analysis, then enables seamless session teleportation between these environments. It optimizes workflow by managing session state and context when switching between web, CLI, or mobile. Use it for complex projects requiring different tools at various stages.
