configure-nginx
About
This skill configures Nginx as a web server and reverse proxy for production environments. It enables static file serving, SSL/TLS termination with Let's Encrypt, load balancing, and proxying to backend services like Node.js or Python. Developers use it to add rate limiting, security headers, and secure endpoints for their applications.
Quick Install
Claude Code
Recommendednpx skills add pjt222/agent-almanac -a claude-code/plugin add https://github.com/pjt222/agent-almanacgit clone https://github.com/pjt222/agent-almanac.git ~/.claude/skills/configure-nginxCopy and paste this command in Claude Code to install this skill
Documentation
配置 Nginx
设置 Nginx 作为具有 SSL 终止和安全加固的 Web 服务器和反向代理。
适用场景
- 在生产环境中提供静态文件(HTML、CSS、JS)服务
- 反向代理到后端服务(Node.js、Python、Go、R/Shiny)
- 使用 Let's Encrypt 证书终止 SSL/TLS
- 跨多个后端实例负载均衡
- 添加速率限制和安全头
输入
- 必需:部署目标(Docker 容器或裸金属服务器)
- 必需:需要代理的后端服务(host:port)
- 可选:用于 SSL 的域名
- 可选:静态文件目录
步骤
第 1 步:基本反向代理
nginx.conf:
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
upstream app {
server app:3000;
}
server {
listen 80;
server_name example.com;
location / {
proxy_pass http://app;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
}
}
}
Docker Compose 服务:
services:
nginx:
image: nginx:1.27-alpine
ports:
- "80:80"
- "443:443"
volumes:
- ./nginx.conf:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf:ro
depends_on:
- app
预期结果: 端口 80 的请求被转发到 app 服务。
第 2 步:静态文件服务
server {
listen 80;
root /usr/share/nginx/html;
index index.html;
location / {
try_files $uri $uri/ /index.html;
}
location /assets/ {
expires 1y;
add_header Cache-Control "public, immutable";
}
location ~* \.(js|css|png|jpg|jpeg|gif|ico|svg|woff2?)$ {
expires 6M;
add_header Cache-Control "public";
}
}
第 3 步:使用 Let's Encrypt 的 SSL/TLS
使用 certbot 的 webroot 方式:
server {
listen 80;
server_name example.com;
location /.well-known/acme-challenge/ {
root /var/www/certbot;
}
location / {
return 301 https://$host$request_uri;
}
}
server {
listen 443 ssl;
server_name example.com;
ssl_certificate /etc/letsencrypt/live/example.com/fullchain.pem;
ssl_certificate_key /etc/letsencrypt/live/example.com/privkey.pem;
ssl_protocols TLSv1.2 TLSv1.3;
ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
location / {
proxy_pass http://app;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
}
}
Docker Compose 配合 certbot:
services:
nginx:
image: nginx:1.27-alpine
ports:
- "80:80"
- "443:443"
volumes:
- ./nginx.conf:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf:ro
- certbot-webroot:/var/www/certbot:ro
- certbot-certs:/etc/letsencrypt:ro
certbot:
image: certbot/certbot
volumes:
- certbot-webroot:/var/www/certbot
- certbot-certs:/etc/letsencrypt
volumes:
certbot-webroot:
certbot-certs:
初始证书申请:
docker compose run --rm certbot certonly \
--webroot -w /var/www/certbot \
-d example.com --email [email protected] --agree-tos
预期结果: HTTPS 使用有效的 Let's Encrypt 证书正常工作。
失败处理: 检查 DNS 是否指向服务器。验证端口 80 是否对 ACME 挑战开放。
第 4 步:安全头
server {
# ... SSL config above ...
add_header X-Frame-Options "SAMEORIGIN" always;
add_header X-Content-Type-Options "nosniff" always;
add_header X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block" always;
add_header Referrer-Policy "strict-origin-when-cross-origin" always;
add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=63072000; includeSubDomains" always;
add_header Content-Security-Policy "default-src 'self'; script-src 'self'; style-src 'self' 'unsafe-inline';" always;
# Hide Nginx version
server_tokens off;
}
第 5 步:速率限制
http {
# Define rate limit zones
limit_req_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=api:10m rate=10r/s;
limit_req_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=login:10m rate=1r/s;
server {
location /api/ {
limit_req zone=api burst=20 nodelay;
proxy_pass http://app;
}
location /login {
limit_req zone=login burst=5;
proxy_pass http://app;
}
}
}
第 6 步:负载均衡
upstream app {
least_conn;
server app1:3000;
server app2:3000;
server app3:3000 backup;
}
| 方法 | 指令 | 行为 |
|---|---|---|
| 轮询 | (默认) | 平均分配 |
| 最少连接 | least_conn | 路由到最空闲的 |
| IP 哈希 | ip_hash | 粘性会话 |
| 加权 | server app:3000 weight=3 | 按比例分配 |
第 7 步:测试配置
# Test config syntax
docker compose exec nginx nginx -t
# Reload without downtime
docker compose exec nginx nginx -s reload
# Check response headers
curl -I https://example.com
预期结果: nginx -t 报告语法正确。头部包含安全头。
验证清单
-
nginx -t报告配置有效 - HTTP 重定向到 HTTPS(如启用 SSL)
- 后端服务可通过代理访问
- 响应中存在安全头
- 速率限制在请求过多时触发
- SSL Labs 测试获得 A+ 评级(如公开访问)
常见问题
- 缺少
proxy_set_header Host:后端接收到错误的主机头,导致虚拟主机和重定向失效 location顺序很重要:Nginx 使用最具体的匹配。精确匹配(=)> 前缀匹配(^~)> 正则匹配(~)> 一般前缀- SSL 证书续期:设置 cron 或 timer 运行
certbot renew并重载 Nginx - 大请求体:默认
client_max_body_size为 1MB。对文件上传增大:client_max_body_size 50m; - WebSocket 代理:需要额外头。参见
configure-reverse-proxy获取模式
相关技能
configure-reverse-proxy— 包括 WebSocket 和 Traefik 的多工具代理模式setup-compose-stack— 包含 Nginx 的 compose 栈deploy-searxng— 使用 Nginx 作为 SearXNG 的前端configure-ingress-networking— Kubernetes 入口(NGINX Ingress Controller)
GitHub Repository
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